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W badaniach polowych przeprowadzonych w latach 1999-2001 określono skuteczność chwastobójczą herbicydu Treflan 480 EC (trifluralina) stosowanego bezpośrednio po zasiewie pszenicy ozimej do zwalczania miotły zbożowej (Apera spica-venti) w mieszaninach z herbicydami zwalczającymi chwasty jedno- i/lub dwuliścienne: Afalon Dyspersyjny 450 SC (linuron), Glean 75 DF (chlorosulfuron) i Stomp 330 EC (pendimetalina). Mieszaniny tych herbicydów porównywano z zalecanym dwukrotnym sposobem stosowania herbicydów – Treflan 480 EC (jesienią po zasiewie pszenicy) + Mustang 306 SE (2,4-D + florasulam) w okresie wiosennym – w celu zwalczenia chwastów dwuliściennych. Najwyższą skuteczność zwalczania miotły zbożowej i chwastów dwuliściennych zapewniła mieszanina herbicydów Treflan 480 EC (1,25 dm³·ha⁻¹) + Glean 75 DF (15 g·ha⁻¹) stosowana jesienią bezpośrednio po zasiewie pszenicy. Łączne stosowanie tych herbicydów w terminie jesiennym zapewniło jednocześnie najwyższy przyrost plonów ziarna i największą opłacalność odchwaszczania pszenicy ozimej.
Field experiments were carried out in the years 1986-1989 at Brody Experimental Station to determine an influence of some growth regulators - Cultar, Baronet 70 WG and Alar 85 on tetraploid red clover seed yield. The results indicated and confirmed the superior influence of weather conditions on seeds yield. Cultar and Baronet applying was considerably less effective than Alar. Different positive biological mode of action of Alar was also found in this research as well as its favorable effect on yield structure parameters, germination, and seed vigor.
The evaluation of the effects of grass and broadleaf weed control with different mixture rates of mesotrione plus nicosulfuron with methylated rapeseed oil and urea-ammonium nitrate liquid fertilizer (UAN) applied postemergence in maize was conducted in field experiments during the agricultural seasons of 2006, 2007 and 2008. Contact angle and surface tension were measured for all tank-mix solutions. There was no phytotoxicity observed on maize following the application of the herbicide-plus-additives treatment. Reduced rates of herbicide with additives provided similar control levels of Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv. as mesotrione used alone. The tank-mix of herbicides and adjuvants gave no antagonistic effect and it increased weed control. Plots treated with a reduced rate of tank-mix with additives, were always among the highest yielding as compared to untreated plots. Any reductions in cob and grain yield were associated with high weed fresh matter yields, indicating that it was the competition with weeds that led to a reduction in the maize grain yield and not the herbicide phytotoxicity.
The evaluation of effect of the grass and broadleaf weed control of different mixture rates of mesotrione plus pethoxamid and terbuthylazine applied postemergence in maize was conducted in the field experiments during the 2005 and 2006 growing seasons. There was no phytotoxicity observed on maize after herbicide treatments. Herbicide mixture provided higher levels of Echinochloa crus-galii (L.) Beauv. control than mesotrione used alone. In the postemergence trials, the broadleaf weeds, except Clienopodium album L., were not well controlled by the mesotrione-alone treatment. The addition of pethoxamid plus terbuthylazine to mesotrione significantly improved the control of broadleaf weeds. Mesotrione and mesotrione plus pethoxamid and terbuthylazine treated plots were always among the highest yielding as compared to untreated plots. Any reductions in cob and grain yield were always associated with high weed fresh matter yields indicating that it was the weed competition that led to reduced yield and not herbicide phytotoxicity.
Field experiments were conducted to evaluate efficacy of extremely reduced herbicide rates (micro-rates) applied with an adjuvant for weed control in sugar beets grown in three tillage systems: 1) conventional plowing, 2) reduced with white mustard mulch incorporated with soil and 3) no-till with direct planting in white mustard mulch. The micro-rates herbicide mixtures of phenmedipham + desmedipham + ethofumesate at 30 + 30 + 30 g active substance (a.s.)/ha, triflusulfuron at 4.5 g a.s./ha, clopyralid at 33 g a.s./ha and lenacil at 160 g a.s./ha plus methylated seed oil adjuvant at 1.5 l/ha provided similar weed control as the standard-rate herbicide treatment (phenmedipham + desmedipham + ethofumesate at 90 + 90 + 90 g a.s./ha and triflusulfuron at 15 g a.s./ha) applied without adjuvant. The herbicide used at micro-rates were less phytotoxic to sugar beet plants and increased sugar beet root yield similarly as the standard-rate herbicide treatment, regardless of the soil cultivation system.
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