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The resting concentrations of cholesterol (TC), triacylglycerols (TG), phospholipids (PL), total lipid (TL), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein (LDL-cholesterol, LDL-C) and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL-C), additionally magnesium (Mg) and calcium (Ca) levels were examined in 10 young Standardbred horses after six months of physical training. Blood serum and standardized laboratory methods were used for determining TG, TC and HDL-C concentrations, as well as Mg and Ca. The amounts of TL, LDL-C and VLDL-C were counted by use of the Thurnham (TL) and Friedewald equations (LDL-C,VLDL-C). Results indicated that serum total lipids, TG, TC, HDL-C, LDL-C and VLDL-C differences before and after conditioning were relevant. There was a significant increase in the serum Mg concentration while the level of Ca was found to be unchanged. This study concludes that a long-term moderate exercise program can improve serum lipid and lipoprotein pattern and Mg concentration in the trotters which may be beneficial to their performance.
Similary to other fungal species of the genus Alternaria, Alternaria radicina is a major pathogen that infects both the aboveground and underground parts of carrot plants. Changes in the concentrations of phenolic compounds are observed in infected carrot plants. Carrot seedlings were inoculated with the most pathogenic isolates of Alternaria radicina selected in a laboratory test. A phytopathological analysis was performed to determine the health status of carrot plants. The concentrations of phenolic acids in petioles were determined four weeks after inoculation with A. radicina and at harvest. The results of a greenhouse experiment revealed more severe disease symptoms on carrot plants cv. Koral inoculated with A. radicina isolates, compared with cv. Bolero. The content of the predominant phenolic acid (chlorogenic acid) was found to decrease in the leaf stalks of carrots cv. Koral inoculated with A. radicina. A statistically non-significant increase in chlorogenic acid levels was noted in the leaf stalks of carrots cv. Bolero in the experimental and control groups.
Raw materials containing methylxanthine alkaloids such as yerba mate, guaraná, white and green tea, coffee seeds, chocolate and cacao seed powder and extracts obtained from these raw materials were investigated for their antioxidant features and the amount of phenolic compounds. The level of phenolic compounds was measured with the colorimetric method using Folin-Ciocalteu’s phenol reagent and antioxidant features was determined with the use of DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical). Amounts of phenolic compounds were presented in percentages per mass of extracts and mass of raw materials. Antiradical potential was shown as the number of TAUDPPH units per mg of extracts and g of raw materials. The highest number of antiradical units TAUDPPH as well as the amount of phenolic compounds was calculated for white tea and its extracts and lowest for chocolate. The correlation coefficient between the content of phenolics and antiradical features of raw materials is equal to r=0.994.
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