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The present study reports the treatment methods for two dogs with tooth-occlusion abnormalities using orthodontic-jaw appliances. The prevailing majority of dental topographic disorders deal with pathological tooth positioning in the dental arch. This type of dental abnormality in juvenile dogs may produce damage of the oral cavity mucosa that consequently develops non-healing decubitus ulcers. In such instances orthodontic procedures designed to correct the causative teeth positioning in the dental arch remain the treatment of choice. Dogs with occlusal disharmony can be provided with an orthodontic cure through mounting a fixed active appliance or Schwarz single-jaw plate.
The peridontinum includes gingiva, cementum, periodontal ligament and the maxillary or mandible bone. The gingival mucous membrane forms the connective fibrous tissue. The space between the alveolar bone and cementum is filled up by the periodontal membrane. The mechanical function of the periodontal membrane consists in the fixation of the teeth in the alveolus as well as having a stimulating effect on the proper process of bone remodeling. At the moment of trauma the periodontinum can be damaged. The lesions are divided into subluxation, luxation or dental prolapse from the alveolus. The case of a German shepherd with right canine maxillary tooth luxation was described. On account of the surviving time of peridontinum cells treatment of dental luxation belongs to emergency procedures. The optimal time of intervention is 30 minutes from injury.
Mandible fractures in animals result mainly from traffic accidents, falling and biting by other animals. This paper presents clinical management of mandible fractures in animals. The most common methods of mandible fracture fixation with the use of interdental wire, intramedullary nails, bone plates and acrylic devices have been reviewed. In conclusion, methodological approach to mandible fracture fixation depends on the size of the bone defect as well as technical possibilities and the surgeon’s experience. The major condition of recovery is obtaining the mandible bone stabilisation and proper occlusion. The postoperative treatment is also very important: one should consider whether the muzzle, oropharyngeal tube etc. should be used. In order to prevent further complications, appropriate antibioticotherapy and regular hygiene of oral cavity should be applied.
A premolar tooth reconstruction procedure was performed on a dog whose tooth was lost due to a trauma. After surgical removal of the tooth’s roots, a decision was made to reconstruct it with the use of a Titologic implant produced by Dentaurum. No complications occurred during either the implantation procedure or the subsequent healing period. Except for the shortened healing period resulting from the much faster tissue regeneration in dogs the procedures employed reflected those typical for the treatment of humans. The article presents the early post-procedure examination results as well as the clinical condition after a six month observation period. During control visits no symptoms of periimplantitis were observed that would indicate complications resulting from faulty implantation, bone overheating, inadequate implant loading, or the lack of or insufficient hygienic regimen.
The occurrence of intestinal tumors is relatively seldom. The article describes a case of a dog’s ileal neoplasia. Symptoms like persistent diarrheas, significant body loss and reduced mobility occurred. Radiography of the abdomen revealed a tumor of 10 cm in diameter located in the left subcostal area. Blood results showed leukocytosis and an elevated activity of alkaline phosphatase. The tumor was removed during laparotomy, and a part of the jejunum was resected. Histopathology showed the presence of T-cell lymphosarcoma. The patient’s health deterioration came 4 months after the surgery. Repeated radiography and ultrasonography revealed secondary cancers in different organs. The dog was euthanased. Necropsy confirmed metastases in intestines, lungs, liver, and kidneys. Therapeutic procedures on malicious tumors of alimentary tract, including this case of ileal lymphosarcoma, are described.
The aim of this study was to determine the vascularisation level in malignant tumours of the oral cavity. The studied material comprised 10 samples of neoplastic tissue extracted from dogs with a suspicion of oral cavity carcinoma. The samples were collected from nine male and one female dogs of various breeds, aged between 6 and 16 years. The tumours were located within the areas of mandibular and maxillary gingiva. Tumour specimens were preserved in 10% buffered formalin for 24 h, embedded in paraffin, and then sections stained with haematoxylin and eosin were prepared. Tumour type was diagnosed according to the official WHO classification. In order to render the vascular endothelium visible, immunohistochemical staining was performed with the use of the polyclonal antibody against von Willebrand factor F VIII and DAKO EnVision system. In the quantitative analysis of the blood vessels displaying the FVIII factor expansion, a system of computer-assisted microscopic analysis was utilised. In ten microscopic fields the vessels were counted and a mean value per 1 mm² was calculated. The largest numbers of blood vessels were observed in squamous cell carcinomas. In the remaining tumours, the vessel count fluctuated between 78-97/mm² (mean 87). The conducted research indicated that angiogenesis in malignant tumours of the oral cavity has potential diagnostic application in determining the malignancy levels of neoplasms.
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