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The degradation of atrazine (ATZ) by ultraviolet/peroxymonosulfate (UV/PMS) under different conditions was investigated in phosphate buffer, and the degradation mechanism and kinetics were discussed. The results showed that the degradation rate of 2.5 μmol/L ATZ in UV/PMS system was 97.63% in 20 min when the reaction temperature was 20ºC, the concentration of PMS was 20 μmol/L and the UV intensity was 50 mW/cm2 in pH7 phosphate buffer. The mechanism analysis showed that PB with partial alkalinity promoted the degradation of ATZ by UV/PMS more than that with acidic PB. The effect of PB with alkaline conditions on the degradation of ATZ by UV/PMS was more complicated and mainly related to the state of phosphate ions. The UV/PMS system contained both HO• and SO4-•, and the ratio of HO•, SO4-•and UV-degraded ATZ was nearly 1:1 in pH7 PB. Inorganic anions experiments showed that Cl- and HCO3- inhibited the degradation of ATZ under UV/PMS, and the inhibitory effect of Cl- was more obvious. NO3- promoted the degradation of ATZ by UV/PMS. Kinetic analysis showed that UV/PMS degradation of ATZ reaction kinetics was more in line with the quasi first-order reaction kinetics, the inhibition effect of the same concentration of ETA and Clon UV/PMS degradation of ATZ are the same, and UV/PMS degradation of ATZ decreased by 38.54% and 36.29% respectively. The addition of NO3- increased the rate of degradation of ATZ by UV/PMS by 31.21%. By LC-MS analysis, 5 kinds of production m/z and 6 kinds of products were obtained.
Mitochondrial uncoupling proteins play important roles in generation of metabolic thermogenesis, response to stress situations, and regulation of energy metabolism. We demonstrated here that the absence of LeUCP in tomato inhibited photosynthesis using virusinduced gene-silencing approach. A significant decrease in the rate of CO2 assimilation in LeUCP-silencing plants was observed over a range of different light intensities. Absence of LeUCP resulted in lower net photosynthetic rate, lightsaturated rate of the CO2 assimilation (Asat), maximum carboxylation rates (Vcmax) and maximum RuBP regeneration rate (Jmax). Activities of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase Rubisco and stromal fructose-1,6- bisphosphatase and genes expression levels encoded Calvin cycle enzymes of LeUCP gene-silencing plants were inhibited. However, silencing of LeUCP gene had no effect on Fv/Fm, but decreased photochemical quenching and electron transport rate. Meanwhile, non-photochemical quenching and Je (PSII), the distribution of Je (PCR) and Je (PCO), the content of AsA, NAD, and the ratios of NAD?/ NADH, AsA/DHA were significantly reduced with increased reactive oxygen species while GSH and GSSG were unaltered. Taken together, these results strongly suggest that LeUCP gene in tomato leaves is crucial in maintaining the redox poise of the mitochondrial electron transport chain to facilitate photosynthetic metabolism.
Microzooplankton plays an important role in controlling the standing crop of phytoplankton and primary production. However, research on microzooplankton grazing has mainly focused on the ocean and only rarely on eutrophic lakes. In this study we investigated plankton community structures, microzooplankton grazing rates (m), and phytoplankton growth rates (μ) in order to explore microzooplankton grazing in 2 eutrophic sub-lakes of West Lake, Hangzhou, China (Waihu and Xilihu). Results showed that Pseudanabaena sp. was dominant in Waihu without submerged macrophytes, and the larger phytoplankton (>2 μm) biomass was higher than the picophytoplankton (<2 μm) biomass. However, Xilihu with macrophytes growing was mainly composed of diatoms and green algae, and there was no significant difference between larger phytoplankton and picophytoplankton biomass. Furthermore, in West Lake, the values of m (ranging from 1.58~3.33/d) and μ (ranged from 1.38~3.05/d) were higher than those in the ocean. The higher m, μ, and relative preference index (RPI) for picophytoplankton in Waihu indicated that microzooplankton had a significant size-selective grazing on picophytoplankton. However, no significant size-selection was found in Xilihu. These different responses of plankton in Waihu and Xilihu might explain why larger phytoplankton occupy a dominant position in eutrophic lakes.
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