Parkinson’s disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative disorders in Poland. Although the genetic basis of familial PD is now well established, the majority of PD is sporadic and occurs without a clear mode of inheritance. The etiology of sporadic PD remains unknown, but it is currently assumed that genetic susceptibilities may be involved. The observation that mutations in α-synuclein (SNCA), parkin (PARK2)and leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) genes are common in familial PD and increasing evidence supporting a direct role for PARK2 and LRRK-2 in sporadic both early- and late-onset disease make those genes a particularly compelling candidate for intensified investigation. The aim of the study was analysis and identification of SNCA, PARK2 and LRRK-2 mutation in Polish patients with sporadic PD. Peripheral blood was collected from 34 patients with sporadic PD clinical diagnosis (the average age 58 years), and 22 patients with the other neurological diseases (the average age 55 years) as well as from 25 healthy donors (the average age 60 years). Genomic DNA was isolated using standard protocols. SNCA mutations analysis was performed to exclude one of the familial forms of PD. Restriction-enzyme digestion of polymerase-chain reaction (PCR) amplified genomic DNA fragment of SNCA exon 3 detected no G88C mutation. PCR-amplification of parkin exons 2 and 4 also detected no exon deletion. Moreover exon 41 of LRRK-2 gene as well as exons 4, 7 and 11 of PARK2 gene was screened using realtime PCR/HRM and exon sequencing. None of the patients as well as control subjects tested had mutation of LRRK2 gene. These results are consistent with previous reports in the Polish population Mutation in tested exons of PARK2 gene were identified in 20,6% patients with sporadic PD, 4,5% patients with the other neurological disorders and 4,0% control subjects. All detected mutations were heterozygous. One of the PD patients had two mutations in PARK2 gene (G1281A, G601A). It can be concluded, that both G88C SNCA and G2019S LRRK-2 mutations as well as deletion of 2 and 4 exon of parkin gene are rare causes of PD in Poland. Moreover point mutation in PARK2 seems to be associated with sporadic PD in polish population. Thus, the results of this study suggest that screening for PARK2 mutations may be a component of genetic testing for sporadic PD.
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