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The aim of the study was to analyze the significance of insects as pollinators of medicinal plants species occurring in natural state in Poland territory (some of them are also cultivated). Polish botanical database: Flora ojczysta 2004 was used as an analytical tool. Paper includes brief description of selected flower features connected with pollination by insects and their frequency in analyzed group of plant species. Study revealed great role of the insects in pollination of medicinal plants occurring in Poland. Over 82% of analyzed medicinal plants species are pollinated by insects. Most common colors of flowers (white, yellow and blue) suggest strong adaptation for honeybee (Apis mellifica) as a main pollinator. The frequency of insects’ pollination is slightly more popular in group of medicinal plants species than in other species included in database (not used in medicine).
We describe the reaction of Umbelliferae family plants caused by Ti, Mn and Cu ions application. The studied material was: Crithmum maritimum L. after fertilization with 0.04% Tytanit (Ti main component) formula on the leaves Pastinaca sativa L. stressed with Cu and Cu + Mn and Tytanit (0.04% and 0.4%) for 24, 48 and 72 h, Peucedanum verticillare Koch, stressed with Cu and Cu + Ti (24, 48, 72 h). The volatile oils content and composition in plants stressed with metal ions solutions depends on many factors. Among them one should mention the method of application (leaves’ fertilization, direct effect), their concentrations, the time of exposition and age of plants exposed to the stress. The reactions of particular plant species to the experimental stress varied.
Steroidal saponins isolated from many plant species belonging to Monocotyledones display potent cytotoxic activity towards many human tumor cells. We examined the cytotoxic effects of crude Paris quadrifolia extract for the first time, testing isolated saponin-rich fractions against four different human cell lines using the [(3-(4,5- dimethylthiazol-2-yl)]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Cytotoxic activity was tested against human promyelocytic leukemia (HL-60) cells, human cervical adenocarcinoma (HeLa) cells and human breast cancer (MDA-MB-468) cells. Human skin fibroblasts were used as non-neoplastic control cells. Our results show significant activity of the weakly water-soluble solid residue and butanolic fraction against HL-60 and HeLa cells. The solid residue exerted cytotoxicity against all tested cell lines.
The aim of the work was to find how the abiotic stress factors, such as Zn and Ti ions, influenced on growth factor and accumulation of some elements in plantlets of C. asiatica (L.) Urban Apiaceae). Plantlets were cultured on Nitsch and Nitsch (NN) or Schenk and Hildebrandt (SH) modified media with various growth regulators. Zn ions as ZnSO₄ were additionaly put into medium in 4 concentrations for 3 to 7 weeks. Ti ions as 0.04% solution of Tytanit - foliar fertilizer were added into medium or stems of plantlets were soaking in solution only or with subsequent rinsing in sterile water. The concentrations of selected bioelements: Cu, Mn, Zn, Fe, Ca and Mg (determined by ASA using Spectrophotometer SP 1900 Pye Unicam in “free” (soluble in water) and “bound” (in cell structure) forms were evaluated The observations have shown that Zn and Ti application influenced on the weight and development of Centella asiatica cultured in vitro and caused changes in their mineral composition. Important differences in concentration of evaluated elements were found in studied samples. The content of analysed bioelements was dependent not only on Zn concentration in the medium but also of the form of Ti application or of the duration of the experiment.
Crithmum maritimum L. (sea fennel) is a medicinal and useful species growing widely at the shores of the Mediterranean Sea and of the Atlantic Ocean. All the parts of the plant contain essential oil. Crithmiherba has antimicrobial, antioxidant and spasmolitic properties. During this research fruits and leaves collected from various geographic regions were ana/ysed, such as dry plants cultivated in garden in Poland (some of them belonging to a control group, and some treated by Ti ions, the main compound in the Tytanit foliar fertiliser) and biomass obtained from plantlets germinating from seeds of different origins and growing on selected media in an in vitro culture. The material was examined with respect to the content and composition of essential oils and concentration of tested minerals. Non-coding chloroplast intergenic spacer trnL (UAA) - trnF (GAA) was sequenced to check if there is genetic variability in the tested material. The total content of essential oil was determined by steam water distillation, and a quantitative analysis was performed by gas cVvvomatogvapUy. AW the samples (Meted in the quality and quantity of volatile oils and in content of micro- and macroelements. Fruits of C. matitinuuu collect«! ftovw a slawi v¡\ QtXt taA fev^sx wï\ov\\"\\ cfi noVsÖä oW.'W cw&ctX oí oils from cultivated plants treated by Ti ions was higher than in those from the control group. It was noticed that the growth, development and chemical composition of C. maritimum plantlets depended not only on the type of the culture medium but also on the origin of seeds. All the analysed DNA sequences were entirely uniform, which seems to be contrary to the phytochemical findings.
Solid Phase Microextraction (SPME) is used as a quick and easy alternative to standard distillation in essential oils composition assays. Due to the absence of the distillation step a considerable reduction of sample volume and of the time of sample preparation is possible. This method was used in experiments with essential oils obtained from Crithmum maritimum L. and Centella asiatica Urban (= Hydrocotyle asiatica L.). In this work the overground parts of Crithmum maritimum were analysed. The material was collected in 2003 from places of natural occurrence in Greece and Croatia, from a garden cultivation in Gdańsk, during the whole vegetation period, from plants from a control group and plants fertilised with Tytanit formula. Centella asiatica material was collected directly from an in vitro culture and from plants cultivated for six months in flowerpots, where they were transferred after five passages of in vitro culture. The analysis of components of monoterpene fraction was performed by gas chromatography. The percentage and composition of essential oils were different in all the tested samples. Crithmum maritimum material (from places of natural occurrence and from garden cultivation) shows the biggest differences in the content of a-pinene, 7-terpinene and sabinene. Plants treated with a Tytanit solution responded by increase of total percentage of essential oil with higher contents of 7-terpinene and sabinene. In Centella asiatica a higher percentage of essential oil (mainly a-pinene) was observed in roots than in leaves. Leaves treated with Ti ions had a higher amount of a-pinene than the control ones. Solid Phase Microextraction (SPME) method enables fast estimation of interference of each tested factor on the biosynthesis and composition of the essential oil. SPME was also useful in selection of the proper material for next experiments.
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