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Flax is a valuable source of fibers, linseed and oil. The compounds of the latter two products have already been widely examined and have been proven to possess many health-beneficial properties. In the course of analysis of fibers extract from previously generated transgenic plants overproducing phenylpropanoids a new terpenoid compound was discovered. The UV spectra and the retention time in UPLC analysis of this new compound reveal similarity to a cannabinoid-like compound, probably cannabidiol (CBD). This was confirmed by finding two ions at m/z 174.1 and 231.2 in mass spectra analysis. Further confirmation of the nature of the compound was based on a biological activity assay. It was found that the compound affects the expression of genes involved in inflammatory processes in mouse and human fibroblasts and likely the CBD from Cannabis sativa activates the specific peripheral cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2) gene expression. Besides fibers, the compound was also found in all other flax tissues. It should be pointed out that the industrial process of fabric production does not affect CBD activity. The presented data suggest for the first time that flax products can be a source of biologically active cannabinoid-like compounds that are able to influence the cell immunological response. These findings might open up many new applications for medical flax products, especially for the fabric as a material for wound dressing with anti-inflammatory properties.
The nuclear matrices of plant cell nuclei display an intrinsic nuclease activity which is capable of nicking supercoiled DNA. Recently a cDNA encoding the 14-3-3 protein from Cucurbita pepo has been cloned and sequenced. The evidence that the recombinant 14-3-3 protein associates with DNase I and endogenous plant nuclease is presented. Evidence is also presented that the cloned 14-3-3 protein isoform, unique in its binding to nuclease within the 14-3-3 family, is located in the nuclei and in the nuclear matrix. Transgenic potato plants were created where the 14-3-3 protein derived from Cucurbita was overexpressed. An increase in tuber number and a decrease in tuber size in the transformants was also observed. The adenine nucleotide pool in leaves of transgenic plants was significantly reduced and they contain more chlorophyll and loose it slower when grown in the dark. A decrease in 14-3-3 protein content concomitant with an increase in nuclease activity in senescent plants was detected and this was markedly delayed in transgenic potato plants which overexpressed the 14-3-3 protein. It is proposed that a function of the isolated 14-3-3 isoform is the control of the nuclease activity and hence senescence.
Recently transgenic potato plants were created where the 14-3-3 protein derived from Cucurbita pepo was overexpressed or potato endogenous 14-3-3 protein repressed. Detailed analysis of those plants suggested that a isolated 14-3-3 isoforms are involved in the control of plant senescence and carbohydrate metabolism. In this study carbohydrate content, adenine nucleotide level and catecholamine content in tubers and leaves of transgenic plants grown in greenhouse and in a field were compared. Overexpressing of 14-3-3 protein gave rise to increase catecholamine contents and soluble sugars in leaves and a reduction in tubers size and starch content. The repression of 14-3-3 synthesis led to opposite effect, a decrease in catecholamine, soluble sugars contents in leaves, and an increase in tubers size and starch content. It is proposed that 14-3-3 protein affects carbohydrate metabolism in potato via regulation of catecholamine synthesis.
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