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Propagation by root cuttings is an easy and low-cost method for plant taxa with an ability to produce rhizomes or suckers. This research examined the possibility of using root/rhizome cuttings in the propagation of two difficult-to-root old rose cultivars, ‘Harison’s Yellow’ and ‘Poppius’. A plant-based preparation (Root Juice), titanium (Tytanit), and IBA (Chryzotop Green 0.25% IBA, Rhizopon AA 020 XX 2.00% IBA) were tested as rooting and growth enhancers for thick, medium, and thin rhizome/root cuttings. Additionally, observations were made to identify the site of the initial root and shoot formation. Shoots appeared before roots, without polarity. The visible swellings differentiating in new root/shoot buds in these two rose cultivars were placed along the rhizome. The primordia of root and shoot buds were situated near the pith rays and the vascular cambial zone. The trial reported here showed significant effects of the thickness of root cuttings and the preparations used in terms of rooting success and growth characteristics. Medium-sized cuttings of rose ‘Harison’s Yellow’ (45.0%), and thin cuttings of ‘Poppius’ (74.3%) achieved the highest rooting percentages. The most effective treatment was with Chryzotop Green, but Root Juice 0.01% and Tytanit 0.04% (‘Poppius’) and 0.02% (both cultivars) also had positive activity. Root Juice and Tytanit can be suggested for rooting cuttings of these roses as eco-friendly preparations.
W kolekcji róż Ogrodu Botanicznego CZRB PAN spośród zgromadzonych obecnie 455 obiektów 111 stanowią historyczne, będące przedstawicielami większości uprawianych i wyhodowanych grup ogrodowych róż. Do róż historycznych zaliczone te, które pojawiły się w uprawie od starożytności do czasu zakończenia II Wojny Światowej. Wśród nich znajdują się m.in. odmiany róży damasceńskiej (Rosa damascena Mill.), róży francuskiej (R. gallica L.), róży białej (Rosa alba L.), róży żółtej (R. foetida Herrm), róży gęstokolczastej (R. pimpinellifolia L.); odmiany z grup powstałych w XIX wieku, np. burbońskich (R. xborboniana Desp.), remontantów (R. xbifera (Poir) Pers.). W kolekcji ocenia się uszkodzenia spowodowane przez mróz, notuje termin kwitnienia i wysokość krzewów, uwagi dotyczące pielęgnacji oraz porażenia przez choroby i szkodniki. Większość odmian charakteryzuje się długim okresem dekoracyjności krzewów, dobrą żywotnością i znaczną odpornością na mróz i choroby. Wymagają mniej pielęgnacji niż przeciętne nowoczesne róże parkowe i pnące. Stanowią cenne uzupełnienie doboru krzewów dla założeń zabytkowych i naturalistycznych oraz bogaty materiał genetyczny do hodowli nowych odmian.
All rose cultivars are propagated by asexual methods and the one of them is hardwood cuttings rooting. The aim of the study was to verify the possibility of effective propagation of shrub and pillar roses of different origin by hardwood cuttings. The shoots were collected in autumn. The cuttings were prepared and planted in spring. The rooting were conducted in open field and greenhouse. There were used commercial rooting powders containing IBA or NAA: Ukorzeniacz AB aqua, Ukorzeniacz B aqua, Rhizopon AA 020 XX, Chryzotek beige 004 XX, Ukorzeniacz – korzonek D DS. Of the ten cultivars chosen for the present experiment, only two took root effectively, with good quality rooted cuttings: ‘Excelsa’ (31.2% in open field, 56.5% in greenhouse) and ‘New Dawn’ (18.7% in open field, 14.3% in greenhouse). Using commercial rooting stimulants did not guarantee an increase in the number or in the parameters of growth of the rooted cuttings. The most effective preparation was Chryzotek beige 004 XX for ‘Poppius’ (38.0%) rooted in the open field, and for ‘Kew Rambler’ (23.5%) in the greenhouse.
W latach 2004-2006 obserwowano wzrost i kwitnienie 10 odmian róż z grupy okrywowych rosnących w kolekcji Ogrodu Botanicznego - CZRB PAN: ‘Bayerland Cover’, ‘Charming Cover’, ‘Fairy Dance’, ‘Fairy Queen’, ‘Gärtnerfreude’, ‘Golden Cover’, ‘Lovely Fairy’, ‘Sun Cover’, ‘The Fairy’ i ‘White Meidiland’. Krzewy zimowały dobrze, przemarznięcia dotyczyły przede wszystkim wierzchołków pędów jednorocznych. Po wiosennym cięciu krzewy szybko i intensywnie rozpoczynały wzrost. Kwitnienie u badanych odmian rozpoczynało się zwykle w III dekadzie czerwca i powtarzało do późnej jesieni. Wyraźną przerwę w kwitnieniu notowano u ‘White Meidiland’ oraz u zawiązujących owoce: ‘Golden Cover’ i ‘Sun Cover’. Spośród chorób i szkodników najważniejszymi u krzewów wszystkich odmian były obserwowane w różnym nasileniu: czarna plamistość i przędziorki.
In the years 2000-2010, observations were made of shrubs of the varieties derived from the Pimpinellifolia (R. pimpinellifolia L.) gathered in the Collection of Rose Culti- vars of PAS Botanical Garden in Powsin, Poland. The nine observed varieties were 'Aïcha', 'Elegans', 'Frühlingsduft', 'Frühlingsgold', 'Frühlingsmorgen', 'Harison's Yel­low', 'Maigold', 'Poppius', and 'Stanwell Perpetual'. Every year, the following were recorded: frost damage; the date of bud breaking and the date when leaves developed in springtime; the date of the initial, complete and final flowering; the presence of symptoms of damage from disease and pests; the ability to create decorative fruit, and remarks concerning the necessity to perform spring cutting and cutting after flower­ing. The winter seasons of 2002/2003, 2005/2006 and 2009/2010 were unfavourable for the roses. The cultivars varied greatly according to the examined features. The advantages of many of the varieties include high frost resistance, early flowering, low requirements in terms of cutting, good condition; and the fact that some varieties create suckers ('Elegans', 'Harison's Yellow', 'Poppius', 'Stanwell Perpetual'). The varieties 'Aïcha', 'Elegans', 'Frühlingsduft', 'Frühlingsgold', 'Poppius', 'Stanwell Perpetual' are the most frost resistant. The least frost-resistant variety is 'Maigold'. The first to flower are 'Harison's Yellow', 'Frühlingsmorgen' and 'Poppius'. Varie­ties derived from Rosa pimpinellifolia can be widely used as park roses, as ground covers, and as soil protective roses ('Elegans', 'Harison's Yellow', 'Poppius', 'Stan­well Perpetual').
The resistance to frost and winter conditions is a very important aspect of plant and rose cultivation in the Polish climate. The number of new cultivars from around the world available in Polish nurseries is constantly on the increase. The collection of roses in the Botanical Garden of PAS was founded in 1998. There are more than six hundred and ninety taxa and culta of all groups of garden roses. This paper describes the evaluation of the condition of three hundred and sixty eight cultivars from different groups (hybrid teas, floribundas, polyanthas, shrubs, miniatures, climbers and ramblers) after the long, cold and snowy winter of 2009/2010. These were from the Botanical Garden’s collection budded on various rootstocks or those growing on their own roots (two cultivars only). All the shrubs were covered for the winter. In spring 2010 injuries and winter frost damage to the shrubs were observed according to the scale of frost damage to deciduous plants by Łukasiewicz (1992) and height of damage above ground level. At the first moment of flowering observations were made on the height of shrubs and the valuation of flowering according to a fixed scale. All damaged shrubs were evaluated according to the Łukasiewicz scale from 4 (one-year-old shoot tips frozen) to 7 (shoots frozen to the ground but new shoots produced from the undamaged part of the plant) and several cultivars to 10 (the entire plant frozen). Shrub roses, ramblers and climbers over-wintered quite well. The most severe damage was to hybrid teas, floribundas and miniatures. Most of them were cut to ground level. Climbers and ramblers flowering on two-year-old shoots suffered the heaviest loss of ornamental value. For ninety four cultivars from different groups the frost damage didn’t have any negative impact on their ornamental qualities during the vegetative season.
In the years 2000-2011, observations were made of shrubs of the cultivars derived from the Rugosa (R. rugosa Thunb.) gathered in the Collection of Rose Cultivars of the Polish Academy of Sciences (PAS) Botanical Garden – Center for Biological Diversity Conservation (CBDC) in Powsin, Poland, including 29 cultivars. In the first part, the results are presented for 12 historical cultivars (‘Agnes’, ‘Belle Poitevine’, ‘Blanc Double de Coubert’, ‘F.J. Grootendorst’, ‘Frau Dagmar Hastrup’, ‘Hansa’, ‘Kaiserin des Nordens’, ‘Max Graf’, ‘Moje Hammarberg’, ‘Mrs Anthony Waterer’, ‘Pink Grootendorst’, ‘Rugeaux du Japon’). Every year, damage to shrubs caused by frost was recorded; the date of bud break and the date when leaves developed in springtime were recorded; regeneration of shrubs damaged in winter was observed; the dates of initial, full and final flowering were recorded; the presence of disease symptoms was observed; and notes were made concerning the need to do spring pruning and pruning after flowering. The winter seasons 2002/2003, 2005/2006, 2009/2010, 2010/2011 were unfavourable for roses. In terms of the features in question, the cultivars varied. The cultivars derived from the Rugosa should find a wider application as park roses (‘Agnes’, ‘Belle Poitevine’, ‘F.J. Grootendorst’, ‘Frau Dagmar Hastrup’, ‘Mrs Anthony Waterer’, ‘Pink Grootendorst’, ‘Rugeaux du Japon’) as well as ground cover and soil protection roses (‘Blanc Double de Coubert’, ‘Hansa’, ‘Kaiserin des Nordens’, ‘Max Graf’, ‘Moje Hammarberg’) planted in urban green areas and near historical buildings.
Rosa gallica is a native species under strict protection and its cultivars are practically unknown in Poland. The aim of the observations was to evaluate the possibilities of growing the studied cultivars in the climate of Central Poland. In the years 2000–2012, observations were conducted of shrubs derived from the French rose (R. gallica L.) gathered in the Collection of Rose Cultivars of the PAS Botanical Garden CBDC in Powsin, Poland. 13 cultivars were studied: ‘Ambroise Paré’, ‘Belle Herminie’, ‘Camaïeux’, ‘Cardinal de Richelieu’, ‘Charles de Mills’, ‘Complicata’, ‘Duchesse d’Angoulême’, ‘Duchesse de Montebello’, ‘Officinalis’, ‘Splendens’, ‘Tuscany Superb’, ‘Versicolor’, and ‘Violacea’. Every year, frost damage to shrubs, the date of bud breaking and leaf development as well as the dates of initial, full and final flowering were recorded and the presence of symptoms of damage from diseases was observed. During the observation years, periods of weather conditions unfavorable for roses often occurred, both in autumnwinter- spring and in summer. Only small differences were observed in winter hardiness, development during the growing season, and blooming period. The majority of the studied rose cultivars overwinter without frost damage, even through severe winters. The shrubs begin their growth late, usually until the second half of April. Gallicas start flowering early, in the third decade of May – first decade of June. Most Gallicas should find a wider application as shrubs or hedges for parks, green areas in cities, historical places, or home gardens. They are recommendable for their high resistance to frost and diseases as well as for their small size.
In the years 2000-2011, observations were made of shrubs of the cultivars derived from the Rugosa (R. rugosa Thunb.) gathered in the Collection of Rose Cultivars of the Polish Academy of Sciences (PAS) Botanical Garden - Center for Biological Diversity Conservation (CBDC) in Powsin, Poland, including 29 varieties. In the second part, the results are presented for 17 modern cultivars (‘Bokratrack’, ‘Dart’s Defender’, ‘Handwar’, ‘Hanpur’, ‘Hansno’, ‘Hanuhl’, ‘Korgosa’, ‘Korhassi’, ‘Korruge’, ‘Magsed’, ‘Rokoko’, ‘Speruge’, ‘Strolen’, ‘Stronin’, ‘Thérèse Bugnet’, ‘Uhlwe’, ‘White Grootendorst’). Every year, damage to shrubs caused by frost was recorded; the date of bud break and the date when leaves developed in springtime were recorded; regeneration of shrubs damaged in winter was observed; the dates of initial, full and final flowering were recorded; the presence of disease symptoms was observed; and notes were made concerning the need to do spring pruning and pruning after flowering. The winter seasons 2002/2003, 2005/2006, 2009/2010, 2010/2011 were unfavourable for roses. In terms of the features in question, the cultivars varied. The observations made confirm the high frost resistance of Rugosa hybrids and their low cultivation requirements, owing to which they deserve a wider application, in accordance with their intended use, both as amateur varieties and for urban green areas.
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