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Toxoplasmosis is one of the most frequent parasitic zoonosis. Human infection occurs primarily by ingesting raw or undercooked meat containing the tissue cysts. The paper concerns the prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in some farm animals comprising the main reservoir of the parasite. Biology, sources of infection, immune mechanisms, clinical signs in animals, and the role of the cat in toxoplasmosis epidemiology are described. The presented information is based on data from literature and from the author’s own observations.
The paper describes examination methods used in diagnosing toxoplasmosis in humans and animals with special attention paid to serology techniques: Sabin-Feldman test, indirect fluorescent antibody test, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA), Enzyme-Linked Fluorescent Assay (ELFA), direct agglutination test. New trends in research on toxoplasmosis using molecular biology methods are also presented.
The article describes the analysis of Toxoplasma gondii infection among people and animals from the selected rural households in the Lublin province. To identify the potential sources of infection, parasitological and/or PCR examinations of the samples of water, soil, cats' faeces, and meat eaten by the household members were carried out. The study indicated high percentages of seropositive results among the household members (N=57) and domestic animals (N=94) - 61.4 % and 53.2%, respectively. In two households, the parasite was detected in drinking water. The study results seem to confirm the possibility of family character of toxoplasmosis, and point at the environmental conditions leading to the infection in rural environment.
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The aim of presented investigation was to estimate the usefulness of a new method for determining the efficiency of acaricides against red poultry mites. The special Plexiglas plates were used in order to imitate natural conditions as close as possible. The investigation was conducted on the mites collected from 32 battery cage farms of laying hens. Nine commercial acaricides were used. The efficacy of these acaricides was investigated in four repetitions. The results showed that together with the increasing mite numbers used for the study, a standard deviation (SD) on the average of scores on four test plates underwent a reduction and did not exceed 10 for more than 80 mites per plate. At the same time, it was observed that the SD of fragmentary results was dependent on the effectiveness of the acaricides. Relatively low coefficients for the variation of the obtained results and lack of statistically significant differences for measurements obtained under conditions of repeatability (P=0.415138) and reproducibility (P=0.43594), illustrate that our method is useful for the estimation of efficacy of acaricides against Dermanyssus gallinae mites.
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