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1

Osmotic stress and strong 2,4-D shock stimulate somatic-to-embryogenic transition in Kalopanax septemlobus (Thunb.) Koidz

100%
Moon H.-K., LeeH., Paek K.-J., Park S.-Y.
Acta Physiologiae Plantarum
|
2015
|
tom 37
|
nr 01
The main problem associated with somatic embryo (SE) formation from mature plant explants is their low embryogenic competence. Kalopanax septemlobus (Thunb.) Koidz is a timber-yielding medicinal tree that is recalcitrant to somatic embryogenesis from explants derived from mature trees. In the present study, leaf explants derived from a 40-year-old K. septemlobus tree were subjected to osmotic stress, 2,4-D shock, chilling, or starvation stress to induce somatic embryogenesis. All of the stress treatments resulted in SE induction except control, the rates of which depended on the duration of the treatment. Maximum SE formation (23.3 %) was observed in explants treated with 1 M sucrose solution for 6 h, followed by explants treated with 100 lM 2,4-D for 1 day (16.7 %) while non-treated explants failed to produce somatic embryo. Callose accumulation from leaf explants after these two treatments increased 40- and 30-fold, respectively, compared with the control. Thus, osmotic stress produced by sucrose and 2,4-D shock treatment for a specific period of time can substantially increase the number of SEs formed from leaves from the grafted shoots of mature K. septemlobus trees. The results of this study may be useful for producing SEs from this valuable plant, as well as for breeding programs for improving selected K. septemlobus genotypes.
2

Production of salidroside and polysaccharides in Rhodiola sachalinensis using airlift bioreactor systems

88%
Li J., Shao C.-H., Park S.-Y., Piao X.-C., Lian M.-L.
Acta Physiologiae Plantarum
|
2014
|
tom 36
|
nr 11
Rhodiola sachalinensis is widely used in traditional Chinese medicine, and salidroside and polysaccharides are its important bioactive compounds. This study used airlift bioreactor systems to produce mass bioactive compounds through callus culture. Several factors affecting callus biomass and bioactive compound accumulation were investigated. Callus growth was vigorous in a bioreactor system, and the growth ratio was 2.8-fold higher in bioreactor culture than in agitated-flask culture. Callus biomass and polysaccharide content were favorable at 0.1 air volume per culture volume per min (vvm), whereas favorable salidroside content was observed at a high air volume (0.2 vvm). The maximum yields of salidroside (7.90 mg l⁻¹) and polysaccharide (2.87 g l⁻¹) were obtained at 0.1 vvm. Inoculum density greatly affected callus biomass and bioactive compound accumulation, and the highest biomass and contents or yields of salidroside and polysaccharide were determined at a high inoculum density of 12.5 g l⁻¹. The level of hydrogen ion concentration (pH) at 5.8 improved callus biomass accumulation. Acidic medium (pH 4.8) stimulated salidroside synthesis but higher pH level (7.8) promoted polysaccharide accumulation. The highest yields of both bioactive compounds were obtained at pH 5.8. Methyl jasmonate (MeJA) participated in synthesis promotion of bioactive compounds, and the contents and yields of salidroside [4.75 mg g⁻¹ dry weight (DW), 58.43 mg l⁻¹] and polysaccharides (392.41 mg g⁻¹ DW, 4.79 g l⁻¹) were at maximum at 125 and 150 lmol of MeJA. Therefore, bioreactor systems can be used to produce R. sachalinensis bioactive compounds, and callus culture in a bioreactor can be as an alternative method for supplying materials for commercial drug production.
3

Micropropagation of Cymbidium sinense using continuous and temporary airlift bioreactor system

88%
Gao R., Wu S.-Q., Piao X.-C., Park S.-Y., Lian M.-L.
Acta Physiologiae Plantarum
|
2014
|
tom 36
|
nr 01
Airlift bioreactors were programmed for continuous and temporary immersion culture to investigate factors that affect the rhizome proliferation, shoot formation, and plantlet regeneration of Cymbidium sinense. During rhizome proliferation, the continuous immersion bioreactor system was used to explore the effects of activated charcoal (AC) in the culture medium, inoculation density, and air volume on rhizome differentiation and growth. The optimum conditions for obtaining massive health rhizomes were 0.3 g l⁻¹ AC in the culture medium, 7.5 g l⁻¹ inoculation density, and 150 ml min⁻¹ air. In addition, the temporary immersion bioreactor system was used for both shoot formation and plantlet regeneration. Supplementing 4 mg l⁻¹ 6-benzylaminopurine and 0.2 mg l⁻¹ naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) to the culture medium promoted shoot induction from the rhizome. Cutting the rhizome explants into 1 cm segments was better for massive shoot formation than cutting into 0.25 and 0.5 cm explant segments. NAA promoted plantlet regeneration and the rooting rate (94.7 %), with whole plantlets growing well in culture medium containing 1.0 mg l⁻¹ NAA. Therefore, applying bioreactors in C. sinense micropropagation is an efficient way for scaling up the production of propagules and whole plantlets for the industrial production of high-quality seedlings.
4

Several factors affecting hypericin production of Hypericum perforatum during adventitious root culture in airlift bioreactors

88%
Wu S.-Q., Yu X.-K., Lian M.-L., Park S.-Y., Piao X.-C.
Acta Physiologiae Plantarum
|
2014
|
tom 36
|
nr 04
Hypericum perforatum L. is a traditional medicinal plant for the treatment of depression and wound healing, and hypericin is one of the main effective active substances. To optimize the culture system for producing hypericin in adventitious root, this study used balloon-type airlift bioreactors to investigate the effect of air volume, inoculation density, indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) concentration and methyl jasmonate (MeJA) concentration on hypericin content and productivity during adventitious root culture. Hypericin content and productivity were improved with increasing air volume, and 0.1 vvm (air volume/culture volume/min) was optimal for hypericin production. Inoculation density also had a great effect on hypericin accumulation. Hypericin content and productivity were favorable in an inoculation density of 5.0 g l⁻¹ and decreased when inoculation densities were lower or higher than 5.0 g l⁻¹. Furthermore, 1.25 mg l⁻¹ IBA enhanced hypericin content and productivity, but too low (≤0.50 mg l⁻¹) or too high (≥1.50 mg l⁻¹) IBA concentrations decreased hypericin accumulation. MeJA concentration significantly affected biomass accumulation and hypericin production. The biomass decreased and hypericin production increased with increasing MeJA concentration. Optimum hypericin content (1.61 mg g⁻¹ DW) and productivity (15.57 mg l⁻¹) were obtained at 350 μM MeJA. The hypericin content in bioreactor-grown adventitious roots was lower than in 3-year field-grown plants, but significantly higher than that in in vitro-grown plantlets and 1-year field-grown plants. Thus, the bioreactor culture of adventitious roots can realize rapid and mass production of hypericin in H. perforatum.
5

Endoreduplication level affects flower size and development by increasing cell size in Phalaenopsis and Doritaenopsis

88%
Ho T.-T., Kwon A.-R., Yoon Y.-J., Paek K.-Y., Park S.-Y.
Acta Physiologiae Plantarum
|
2016
|
tom 38
|
nr 08
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