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The first clinical case of canine angiostrongylosis from Slovakia, previously infection-free country, is described. 18-month old male Bernese mountain dog living in south-eastern part of Slovakia showed poor health condition characterized by weight loss, irritating cough, dispnoe, intense salivation, vomiting and bilateral scleral bleeding. Two times even the acute physical collapse occurred. Blood analysis was provided and revealed increase of total protein, eosinophilia, monocytosis, and mild thrombocytopenia. Anaemia characterized by reduced number of erythrocytes and reduced levels of haemoglobin, packed cell volume and iron was also diagnosed. Larvoscopic Baermann technique revealed the presence of Angiostrongylus first stage larvae. Infected dog excreted larvae in high numbers — in 10 g of the faecal material more than 800 larvae were counted. DNA analysis using PCR confirmed the presence of Angiostrongylus vasorum species. The first clinical case of angiostrongylosis has evidenced that the new life-threatening parasitic disease of dogs has spread to the territory of Slovakia. A serious effort is therefore inevitable to increase the professional awareness and knowledge on diagnosis, treatment and prevention.
Introduction. In the Slovak Republic, trichinellosis circulates almost exclusively in the sylvatic cycle, with main reservoir host red fox and wild boar and sporadic occurrence of human outbreaks. A detailed study was performed in five ecologically different regions of eastern Slovakia with more profound regard to eco-geographical and anthropogenic influences to natural fox habitat. Material and methods. In total of 689 red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) hunted in selected regions in 2005/2006 was examined using artificial digestion method. Larvae obtained from infected samples were on the species level characterised using multiplex PCR analysis. Results. The study revealed a total prevalence of 15.6%, with most frequent occurrence of infected foxes in the mountain of the Volovské Vrchy (25.2%) where both human habitation and fox population are very dense. High prevalence rates were found in the Košická Kotlina Basin (19.6%) with urbanised landscape, concentrated human activities and low fox population and in national park of the High Tatras (15.8%) where the inhabitants and fox population are relatively low. In the remote localities of the Nízke Beskydy Highlands that represent ideal fox habitat free of any human impact, 14.2% of foxes harboured Trichinella larvae. The lowest occurrence of infected foxes (6.9%) was found in agrarian areas of the Východoslovenská Nížina Lowland, with relatively low inhabitants and fox population density. In all localities Trichinella britovi was the most important etiological agent of sylvatic trichinellosis.
The aim of the present study was to collect data from Eastern Slovak Lowland, southern Slovakia, to assess risk of the spread of canine dirofilariosis. Climate and environmental conditions in the Eastern Slovak Lowland are ideally suitable for the occurrence of vector-borne diseases. In the past, an endemic locality of dangerous mosquito transmitted malaria was found in this area. Today, another zoonotic parasitic disease threatens – dirofilariosis. The results of the first detailed study revealed a 34.44% prevalence in dogs harbouring dirofilariae. D. repens was diagnosed in all infected specimen, with 2 individuals being co-infected also with D. immitis.
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