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В опыте проведенном на 24 коровах низинной черно-пестрой породы сравнивали влияние двух разных рационов и разных систем оценки их белковых достоинств (РDI, общий белок) и энергетических качеств (UFL, ME) на продуктивность молока в течение 100 дней лактации. Опытных коров кормили крупным рационом содержащим силос с участием свеклы сорта Поли-Паст (56%) и мочевины (17% в общем N), а контрольные коровы получали кукурузный силос с прибавкой послеэкстракционного рапсового шрота. Продуктивность FCM была в среднем на 2,3 кг выше, а использование корма гораздо хуже у контрольных, чем у опытных коров. Применение французской системы выражaнии качества белка значениями PDIN и PDIE показывает хорошее балансирование рациона у опытных коров (PDIN- PDIE) и излишек усвояемой микроорганизмами рубца энергии (PDIE) по отношению к количеству разложимого азота (PDIN) контрольных коров.
Lectin extracts were isolated from pea (PSA) and soyabean (SBA) seeds. In agglutination tests with human erythrocytes, SBA lectins showed higher activity than PSA lectins. The highest haemagglutination activity was observed with blood type AB, 50% lower activity with types A and 0, and the lowest, with type B. The experiment was performed on 30 male Wistar rats fed ad libitum a control diet or the same diet supplemented with PSA or SBA at a rate of 15 mg/day/rat for 14 days. Supplementation with lectins had a positive effect on feed intake and body weight gain, which differed significantly in the PSA group and numerically in the SBA group. PSA decreased the amylase activity in pancreatic juice and significantly decreased plasma glucose concentrations. Ca, P, Na, K, and Cl levels in pancreatic juice were similar in all groups. In rats fed the diets with lectin extracts, total pancreatic trypsin activity was significantly lower than in the control group and numerically lower in pancreatic juice. The results indicate that the effect of agglutinins from pea and soyabean seeds on pancreatic enzyme activity does not correlate with their agglutination activity.
The aim of the experiments was the evaluation of the physiological and productive effects of the application of full diet silages in the nutrition of heifers, bulls, milk cows and sheep. These silages contained sugar beet or half-sugar beet (50% d.m.) urea (20 - 60% N in total N ) , fiber foods, mineral additions and conservants. The average content of d.m. in silages was 21 - 26%, crude protein and crude fiber was 13 - 16% and 12 - 16% respectively and the concentration of the metabolic energy (ME) was 9.4 - 10.6 MDME per kilogram d.m.. The application of these silages alloued to eliminate the concentrates from the diet for heifers, bulls and sheep. Feeding ad libitum gave the body gain 0.8 - 1.0 kg per day in the case of the bulls. In the case of heifers good health and fertility uas obtained. Cous fed with these silages gave about 12 l of milk per day. These effects were due to good mutual cooperation of the energetic and nitrogen metabolism in the rumen of the animals fed with the diet containing beet and urea.
Golden delicious apples were separated for peels and pulp, dietary fibre content and some bioactive compounds were determined. Rats were fed a semipurified or LSM diet with or without the addition of cholesterol and 5% of apple peels or pulp, feed, and digestibility and lipid profiles in plasma were estimated. Apple peels were a better source of dietary fibre and bioactive compounds that had an influence on its TRAP value than apple pulp. Freeze-dried apple peels and pulp decreased protein digestibility but significantly affected the plasma lipid profile, expressed by a lowering of total cholesterol and LDL-C fraction contents only in rats fed a diet with cholesterol were noted. The high content of biologically active compounds in apples makes it preferable for dietary prevention of atherosclerosis and other diseases.
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