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Interspecies competition is considered an important effector of community structure in ecosystems. Interspecies interactions may change due to changing environmental factors, including exogenous organic pollutants. In this paper, we measured the change in population density, based on the logistical growth model, of Microcystis aeruginosa and Scenedesmus obliquus when they were cultivated in single-species and mixedspecies cultures, under the stress of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) phenanthrene. The singlespecies culture experiment showed that S. obliquus could tolerate greater phenanthrene stress than could M. aeruginosa, and exhibited hormesis when the concentration of phenanthrene was 0.0625 mg/l. In the mixedspecies culture experiment, the toxicity of phenanthrene on the two algae changed. In the 0.0625 mg/l and 0.25 mg/l treatments, the population density of S. obliquus increased, whereas the population density of M. aeruginosa in each group decreased. Finally, the influence of different phenanthrene concentrations on the interspecies competition was evaluated.
The presence of perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) in ambient air particulates (PM2.5, PM10, and TSP) in Beijing was investigated in the current study. The results showed that PFBA, PFPeA, PFHpA, PFOA, PFNA, PFDA, PFUnA, PFDoA, and PFOS, were detected in all sizes of ambient air particulates. The concentrations of PFCs in TSP were slightly higher than those in PM10 and PM2.5. The concentrations of PFCs in PM2.5 were the lowest. The ΣPFCs contents in PM2.5, PM10 and TSP were 87.03-96.77, 99.82-101.41, and 118.69-141.87 ng/g, respectively. PFBA, PFPeA, and PFOA were the dominating class of PFCs in ambient air particulates.
In this study, a novel y-type high molecular weight glutenin subunit (HMW-GS) in wild emmer wheat Triticum turgidum L. var. dicoccoides (Körn.) accession KU1952 was identified by sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), capillary electrophoresis (CE) and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionisation/time-of-flight/mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS). Its electrophoretic mobility and molecular weight were similar to those of 1By16 and was designated as 1By16*. The complete coding sequence of the 1By16* gene isolated by allelic-specific polymerase chain reaction (AS-PCR) consists of 2,157 bp, encoding 729 amino acid residues. The real presence and authenticity of the 1By16* gene in KU1952 were further confirmed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), heterologous expression and Western blotting. The molecular structure as well as phylogenetic analysis revealed that 1By16* had 21 single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) variations and possessed greater similarity with superior quality subunits 1By15 and 1By16 of common wheat. Secondary structure prediction displayed higher α-helix and β-strand contents in the 1By16* subunit, which could form a superior gluten structure and, consequently, might have positive effects on dough quality. Our results suggest that 1By16* is expected to be a new potential gene for wheat quality improvement.
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