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The consequences of pearling and cutting (barley Hordeum vulgare L.), and roasting and cutting (buckwheat Fagopyrum esculentum Möench) on the development and food consumption of the confused flour beetle Tribolium confusum Duv. were studied. The factors affecting the increase in the T. confusum population, and food consumption effectiveness (the proportion of wasted food in the whole amount of the used product) were different in barley and buckwheat. The best barley product for T. confusum was the flour. The population number, the proportion of imagines, and the effectiveness of food consumption were relatively high for cut groats, compared to whole barley. The toughness of the whole groats was most likely the cause of the lowest suitability of this product for the confused flour beetle. Neither the size of the cut groats nor the pearling of barley had any effect on T. confusum development and food consumption effectiveness. The best buckwheat product for T. confusum was the whole hulled non-processed groats. In these groats, the total population number, the proportion of imagines, and the effectiveness of food consumption were relatively high compared to cut groats. The total population number was the lowest in the steamed groats. The decrease in nutrients and B vitamins due to the removal of the embryo and aleurone layer during the breaking process of buckwheat, was possibly the main factor affecting T. confusum development and food consumption in buckwheat.
W badaniach wykorzystano 10 odmian grochu zarejestrowanych w Polsce. Postacie dorosłe oprzędzika pręgowanego przy wyborze pokarmu kierowały się bodźcami wizualnymi lub zapachowymi, lub też obydwoma jednocześnie. Do odmian preferowanych można zaliczyć Karat, Koral i Aster, a do niepreferowanych - Legendę, Mihan i Hamil. Najdłużej żyły chrząszcze karmione odmianami Legenda i Perkun, najkrócej - odmianami Jaran i Ramir.
The large white butterfly Pieris brassicae (L.) (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) is a cosmopolitan insect that is specialized to feed on the plant family Brassicaceae. The caterpillars may cause severe losses in yield of cabbage plants. In search of environmentally safe control chemical substances, the effect of 17 natural monoterpenes on the feeding activity and food assimilation of P. brassicae larvae was studied. According to the analysis of behavioural and physiological effects caused by the substances applied in the present study, these chemicals can be divided into into five groups: highly active deterrents that practically completely inhibited the feeding of caterpillars (α-phellandrene and β-ionone), strong deterrents (α-terpinene and α-ionone), relatively strong deterrents (citronellol, (-)-linalool, p-cymene), moderate deterrents ((+)-fenchone, (+)-R-limonene, γ-terpinene, and (S)-(+)-carvone), and inactive substances (α-pinene, eucalyptol, bornyl acetate, geraniol, thymol, and L-menthol). α-Phellandrene, β-ionone, α-ionone, α-terpinene, citronellol, and (-)-linalool may be classified as preingestive deterrents that act before food ingestion. p-Cymene may be considered as postingestive deterrent that causes a loss in body weight.
The aim of this work has been to determine the characteristics of seven natural peptide substances. The chemical formulas of the substances were as follows: HCL-TrypNH2, AC-Ach-OH, Perm(C-7)-α-Ala-AN, Boc-Ala-AN, H-Tyr(O-C10-H21)OH, C6H5-CH2S-C-Phe, C-t-Per-An. ǁ O The experiment was executed on five species of storage pests: Tribolium confusum Duv., Stiphilus granarius L., Stegobium paniceum L., Trogoderma granariwn Ev., Rhizoperlha dominica F. The experiment consisted of two parts. In the first part, the deterrent effect of the peptide substances was assessed by saturating the food (wheat wafers) to 1% concentration of each substance. The second part involved testing the effect of the substances on mortality of pests. The development of insects was screened for 30 days. The deterrent effect of the substances applied varied and was dependent on a species of pests. It was found out that substances of II and III deterrence class were effective in protecting stored products from Tribolium confusum and Sitophilus granarius. All the substances tested in the course of our study can be applied against Stegobium paniceum. The other two pests were neither deterred nor was their mortality affected by any of the peptide substances examined.
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