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Uncoupling proteins, members of the mitochondrial carrier family, are present in mito­chondrial inner membrane and mediate free fatty acid-activated, purine-nucleo- tide-inhibited H+ re-uptake. Since 1995, it has been shown that the uncoupling protein is present in many higher plants and some microorganisms like non-photosynthetic amoeboid protozoon, Acanthamoeba castellanii and non-fermentative yeast Candida parapsilosis. In mitochondria of these organisms, uncoupling protein activity is revealed not only by stimulation of state 4 respiration by free fatty acids accompanied by decrease in membrane potential (these effects being partially released by ATP and GTP) but mainly by lowering ADP/O ratio during state 3 respiration. Plant and microorganism uncoupling proteins are able to divert very efficiently energy from oxidative phosphorylation, compet­ing for ΔμH+ with ATP synthase. Functional connection and physiological role of uncou­pling protein and alternative oxidase, two main energy-dissipating systems in plant-type mitochondria, are discussed.
The strict control of inner mitochondrial membrane permeability and selective ion transport is essential for mitochondria functioning. Potassium ions homeostasis is an important process for mitochondrial optimal functioning. Currently we characterize mitochondrial potassium channels from one of Dictyostelium species. Preliminary experiments are focused on biophysical and pharmacological characterization of mitochondrial ion channels. Purified inner mitochondrial membranes (submitochondrial particles) were reconstituted into planar lipid bilayer. To form model membranes asolectin from soybean mixture of phospholipids was used. We observed two types of potassium selective ion channels in submitochondrial particle samples: a large- and small-conductance channels. Experiments were performed both in gradient solution 50/150 mM KCl (cis-trans) and in symmetrical solution 150/150 mM KCl at voltages from −50 to 50 mV. Regulation of the channel activity by divalent cations such as Ca2+ and Mg2+ was explored. Additionally, interaction of the ATP with mitochondrial potassium channels was characterized. The knowledge on mitochondrial ion channels may contribute to understanding molecular mechanism of Dictyostelium discoideum functioning.
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