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Functional parameters of the respiratory system, the level of fatty tissue and connected with it the weight/growth index constitute important information attesting health condition of the population. The purpose of the study is to compare somatic features and determine the degree of correlation between these features taking into consideration different ecological conditions of the place of residence. A total of 114 children aged 13 (56 boys) and 12 (58 girls), representatives of the urban and country school population participated in the research. A city school was represented by a group of 30 boys and 27 girls. 26 boys and 31 girls were representatives of a village school. Research on physical development concerned body height and weight, thickness of the fatty tissue and functional parameters of the respiratory system.The arithmetic mean and standard deviation were assessed. The importance of difference of the arithmetic means in town and village groups of both sexes was tested by the Student t-test, and the correlation coefficient was assessed. The level of significance alpha = 0.05 was accepted. The assessment was made by means of Statistica 9 programme. The tests were taken in spring 2008.Research findings present significant relationships between the thickness of the fatty tissue and the body mass. The relationships between the remaining somatic features, for example lung ventilation parameters, are less essential.The assumption that the place of residence and associated with it different ecological conditions influence the biological development indicators seems to be untrue with reference to the tested group of pupils.
Background: The purpose of the study was to present components of fitness and body composition and to determine the correlation between parameters of biological development in a group of schoolchildren. Material/Methods: Analysis of somatic features of 12-year-old children, of both sexes, from the Pomeranian province in Poland (99 boys and 96 girls) included basic parameters of the respiratory system, body fat, height and body weight. Functional indicators, i.e. components of motor abilities, have been tested. Results: Boys had significantly better results of endurance and jumping ability, and girls dominated in flexibility and somatic components like height, weight and skinfold thickness and additionally in Forced Vital Capacity and Forced Expiratory Volume in One Second. In the group of boys the Maximal Mid Expiratory Flow25/75 was significantly correlated with shoulders strength. In the group of girls Forced Expiratory Volume in One Second and its relationship to Forced Vital Capacity was correlated with shoulders strength. The Peak Expiratory Flow rate was significantly correlated with abdominal strength and flexibility. Forced Vital Capacity was correlated with flexibility and Forced Expiratory Volume in One Second – with flexibility too. The biggest intensity of correlation was observed in the case of boys skinfold thickness with speed, jumping ability, shoulder strength, agility and endurance. The group of girls has weight correlated with speed and jumping ability and skinfold thickness correlated with the same parameters. Boys’ endurance of was significantly correlated with weight and skinfold thickness and girls’ endurance additionally with height. Conclusions: Significant differences between males and females have been identified with regard to body type and fitness. In the group of girls more correlations between parameters of the respiratory system and basic components of fitness were observed. However, the opposite situation appeared in the case of relationships between the remaining somatic indicators (height, weight and skinfold thickness) and general components of fitness, where more correlations in the group of boys have been reported.
Background: The aim of the research was to determine an influence of an increased number of outdoor lessons of Physical Education on aerobic fitness and to evaluate students’ attitude towards endurance efforts. Material/Methods: In the presented research project a group of students participated in a school program of Physical Education on the basis of a higher number of lessons realized in the natural environment in the vicinity of school. The subjects were a group of 220 students from 4 schools of the Pomeranian Voivodeship, who were subjected to initial and final measurements during two school years. The most important assumption of the research stated better effects of outdoor classes of Physical Education in comparison with indoor classes and the shortage of experimental factor influence on the correlation change between objective and subjective indices of fitness and attitudes related to it. Results: In the experimental group the most distinct differences between initial and final tests concerned the endurance measurement, similarly to the control group in which, however, the improvement in the final test was less noticeable. The correlation among three analyzed variables was significant for both research groups. The comparison of results of students from the experimental and the control groups demonstrates a positive influence of outdoor lessons on the level of endurance and, to a lower degree, on the feeling of effort fatigue and mood. Conclusions: The research was conducted with a use of three research tools: the mood scale, Cooper’s test and the subjective fatigue feeling with finished effort scale that allow a positive verification of the presented hypothesis, which should be an encouragement for wider practicing of innovative activities to bring closer the assumed aims of Physical Education to the aims actually achieved.
Glycophorin A (GPA), the major sialoglycoprotein of the human erythrocyte mem­brane, was isolated from erythrocytes of healthy individuals of blood groups A, B and O using phenol-water extraction of erythrocyte membranes. Interaction of individual GPA samples with three lectins (Psathyrella velutina lectin, PVL; Triticum vulgaris lectin, WGA and Sambucus nigra I agglutinin SNA-I) was analyzed using a BIAcore™ biosensor equipped with a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) detector. The experi­ments showed no substantial differences in the interaction between native and desialylated GPA samples originating from erythrocytes of either blood group and each of the lectins. Desialylated samples reacted weaker than the native ones with all three lectins. PVL reacted about 50-fold more strongly than WGA which, similar to PVL, recognizes GlcNAc and Neu5Ac residues. SNA-I lectin, recognizing α2-6 linked Neu5Ac residues, showed relatively weak reaction with native and only residual reac­tion with desialylated GPA samples. The data obtained show that SPR is a valuable method to determine interaction of glycoproteins with lectins, which potentially can be used to detect differences in the carbohydrate moiety of individual glycoprotein samples.
Background: During the last several years, diametrical difference in attitude to physical activity in youth has been noticed. Engagement in any form of physical activity always goes together with motivation for its undertaking, most often connected with realization of personal expectations. Its sources are perceived, among others, in interior factors, such as: joy resulting from participation in physical activity itself, personal achievements, and pleasure of finding release in movement or social contacts, e.g. spending time with friends. The present paper attempts to assess the motivation for additional physical activity undertaken by first-year students of the Faculty of Physical Education at the Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport in 2000 and 2010 in their free time. Material/Methods: The research involved first-year students studying at the Faculty of Physical Education at the Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport in the years 2000 and 2010. Generally, 639 students (42% women and 58% men) were examined. The research was conducted by means of a diagnostic poll with the use of authors’ own questionnaire. Results: The students from 2000 differed in a statistically significant way in taking care of their health, looks and figure and they were enjoying physical activity more. Important statistical differences were noted in undertaking physical activity in order to socialize in the following time points of the research. Both groups of students from 2000 and 2010, quoted a lack of financial means as the main reason limiting their physical activity. Conclusions: The research indicates the difference in motivation for physical activity between first-year students in 2000 and 2010.
Background: In the reflection on old age, the issue of activating the elderly and incorporating them into social life in order to counteract social exclusion and all forms of discrimination is clearly marked. The study aimed at getting to know the opinions of the students of the University of the Third Age on preferred health behaviors and social support. Material and methods. The study group involved 130 students of the University of the Third Age. The vast majority were women (90%, n=117), and the mean age was 65.4±5.9 years. The study used a questionnaire containing questions about sociodemographic data, selected health behaviors and social support. The p level of <0.05 was considered significant for the interpretation of hypotheses. Results. The place of residence does not have a significant impact on the activities undertaken among the respondents. Walks and organized gymnastics were the most frequently chosen form of physical activity, which people aged 66-70 often did. Passive rest of a significant percentage of students was associated with watching television. The most frequently occurring condition was hypertension. Emotional support was received by the respondents from the family/relatives (40% of respondents); a similar percentage of people (about 37%) declared that they had no expectations in this regard. The percentage of people using institutional support in both subgroups was significantly different, with respondents in Ketrzyn using this form more often. Conclusions. Surveyed students lead an inadequately active lifestyle. Factors such as age, place of residence and education did not affect physical activity.
Background: There is no literature regarding joint mobility in children of the Central and Eastern Europe. Studies describing clinical characteristics and functional outcomes are still needed. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of generalised joint hypermobility (GJH) in the group of school-aged children from Vilnius, the capital city of Lithuania, in relation to different cut-off values of the Beighton score (BS), and to identify possible patients with joint hypermobility syndrome. Materials and methods: The representative sample of this study was calculated to be 760 subjects. A total of 778 children from different schools were screened for the mobility of joints. The medical examination included an assessment of joints’ hypermobility according to the BS. The presence of specific signs (marfanoid habitus, antimongoloid slant and drooping eyelids) was assessed additionally. Parents of all involved children were asked to answer the questions developed based on the Brighton criteria regarding the medical history of children. Results: The prevalence of GJH in school-aged children from Vilnius, depending on the BS cut-off value, was 19.2% (BS ≥ 4), 9.5% (BS ≥ 5) or 5.7% (BS ≥ 6). The increased range of mobility was most frequently detected in thumbs of school-aged children. The frequency of hyperextension > 10° in knees was 7- to 8-fold lower than the frequency of hyperextension > 10° in a passive opposition of the thumb. The evaluation results were similar on the left and right sides in 87.4% cases of thumb opposition, 90.1% cases of hyperextension of 5th finger, 87.9% cases of elbow manoeuvres, and 94.8% attempts to hyperextend knee. Conclusions: The prevalence of GJH in school-aged children from Vilnius depends on the BS cut-off value and ranges from 5.7% to 19.2%. (Folia Morphol 2016; 75, 1: 48–52)
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