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The influence of acute progressive hypoxia on bioelectrical activity of the brain

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Hypoxia, a noxious and hyperventilatory stimulus and a modifier of neuronal metabolism, could influence cortical function. In this study we attempted to assess any such influence, its determinants, and particularly the role in it of the accompanying hypoxic emotional distress. We addressed the issue by examining the associations among EEG, ventilation, and anxiety during progressive poikilocapnic hypoxia (end-point SaO2 75%) in 12 awake healthy volunteers (mean age 27.5 ±0.7 yr). All subjects hyperventilated in response to hypoxia and 3 of them had a high level of anticipatory anxiety that forced one person to discontinue the test. We failed to show any major effect of hypoxia on the EEG pattern analyzed by visual inspection or wavelet power spectra. Therefore, no relationship between the ventilatory and cortical activity responses to hypoxia could be established. Cortical activity changes appeared, however, in the subjects who experienced emotional distress during the test. These changes were apparent on an expanded analysis of the EEG signal by the use of the Lempel-Ziv complexity that takes into account the ordering of variations in the signal, rather than only the relative frequency of events analyzed by the Shannon entropy. The Lempel-Ziv complexity offers promise as a novel method for unraveling fine and otherwise unexpressed alterations in cortical bioelectrical activity.
 Vitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3 (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3)) is a hormone playing a crucial role in numerous biological processes in the human body, including induction and control of cell proliferation and differentiation. Numerous data relate the vitamin D3 level with various types of cancer. It has been suggested that SNPs in the vitamin D3 receptor (VDR) gene might influence both the risk of cancer occurrence and cancer progression. The aim of this study was to search for genetic correlations between individual SNPs in the VDR gene and the risk of oral cavity carcinoma. Two SNPs were selected based on the literature and our previous results. Seventy-three patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck and one hundred control subjects were investigated. Two SNPs in the VDR gene were genotyped in minisequencing reactions followed by capillary electrophoresis. Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE), the χ2 test and logistic regression were used for statistical analysis. The SNP rs2238135 in the VDR gene displayed statistical differences in frequency between the tested groups (p=0,0007). Furthermore, the G/C genotype of the rs2238135 in the VDR gene was characterized by a 3.16 fold increased risk of oral cavity carcinoma. The obtained results provide evidence for a genetic association between rs2238135 in the VDR gene and the occurrence and risk of oral cavity cancer.
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