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In the article there are presented results of classification researches of Polish voivodships according to the level of information and telecommunication technology use in enterprises in 2008. In researches there was used ELECTRE TRI method that is an example of multi-criteria method that supports decisions used in classification of decision variants and which is based on the exceeding relation. These results are compared with the grouping obtained using the classical k-means method. K-means is one of the simplest algorithms that solve the well known clustering problem. Grouping of package of object enables on assigned number of concentration (aggregation), which will be differed in possible biggest degree.
The article describes the economic entities’ level of involvement in the information- -telecommunication technologies. It also presents the ranking of Polish voivodeships in terms of usage of the above-mentioned technologies in enterprises, in the year 2009. The research has been conducted with help of multi-criteria arrangement of the UTA decisional variants, based on disaggregation of preferential information. The obtained results have been matched against results generated through the taxonomic indicators of development.
MADS-box genes encode transcription factors in all eukaryotic organisms thus far studied. Plant MADS-box proteins contain a DNA-binding (M), an intervening (I), a Keratin-like (K) and a C-terminal C-domain, thus plant MADS-box proteins are of the MIKC type. In higher plants most of the well-characterized genes are involved in floral development. They control the transition from vegetative to generative growth and determine inflorescence meristem identity. They specify floral organ identity as out­lined in the ABC model of floral development. Moreover, in Antirrhinum majus the MADS-box gene products DEF/GLO and PLE control cell proliferation in the develop­ing flower bud. In this species the DEF/GLO and the SQUA proteins form a ternary complex which determines the overall "Bauplan" of the flower. Phylogenetic reconstructions of MADS-box sequences obtained from ferns, gymno- sperms and higher eudicots reveal that, although ferns possess already MIKC type genes, these are not orthologous to the well characterized MADS-box genes from gym- nosperms or angiosperms. Putative orthologs of floral homeotic B- and C-function genes have been identified in different gymnosperms suggesting that these genes evolved some 300-400 million years ago. Both gymnosperms and angiosperms also contain a hitherto unknown sister clade of the B-genes, which we termed Bsister. A novel hypothesis will be described suggesting that B and Bsister might be involved in sex determination of male and female reproductive organs, respectively.
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