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Application of analysis of nucleic acid using restriction enzymes in parasitology is discussed. The main advantage of the new technique is the possibility of direct and detailed studies at the level of DNA. At present, the "genetic probe" becomes more and more commonly applied to indentification of both parasites and their transmitters. It appears that the technique of restriotion analysis is of great significance for solving taxonomic problems in parasitology.
In muscle mitochondria of mice infected by Trichinella spiralis larvae and treated by following benzimidazoles: mebendazole (MBZ), oxfendazole (OXF) and thiabendazole (TBZ) their differential influence on uncoupling of host mitochondria was observed. Both MBZ and OXF (in doses of 80 mg/kg of body weight and 60 mg/kg of body weight, respectively) improved the bioenergetic properties of host muscles mitochondria i.e. increase the respiratory control index (RCI) in the muscular phase of this infection. The experiments with the use of OXF in Trichinella pseudospiralis infection have proved that this drug normalizes also in this infection the activity of two mitochondrial inner membrane-located enzymes: mtATPase and SDH in the muscular phase of the infection. A similar effectiveness of OXF in the latter infection was reached using a single and a double dose of the drug (200 mg/kg of body weight, divided into two parts).
In the literature available hitherto there are many reports on enzymatic changes in tissues and a correlated rise in enzymatic activity in blood serum during experimental and human trichinellosis. In this study we were characterised proteinase activity in crude extracts from muscles of mice infected with Trichinella spiralis and T. pseudospiralis and the dynamics of their changes in different stages of disease. The activity of proteinase in muscle of mice infected with T. spiralis showed an increase in the 1 st- 5th week post infection, and then a slight decrease. The biggest proteinase activity was observed in 5th- 6th week post infection. In the muscle of mice infected with T. pseudospiralis the increase of proteinase activity was observed in 1st-4th week post infection. In the 4th week the activity reached its maximum and in the 5th- 10th week post infection there was a decrease of the activity in comparison with the control. As we could see, the dynamics of the changes of proteinase activity in mice is similar in the case of the disease with other biochemical and immunological indices observed in trichinellosis and with the increase of regeneration and transformation processes observed in histopathological studies.
The role of glutathione-S-transferase (GST, EC 2.5.1.18) in biochemical host defence in experimental trichinellosis was evaluated. The activity of GST in mouse skeletal muscles was measured during the muscular phase of trichinellosis, starting from the 3rd week post infection (w.p.i.) to the 11th w.p.i. Activity was determined spectrophotometrically by monitoring the formation of thioether (S-2,4-dinitrophenylglutathione) from the reduced form of glutathione and 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene used as a substrate and as an example of xenobiotics. The changes in the activity of GST were as follows: an increase in activity starts in the 4th w.p.i., peaks (up to 310% of the normal value) in the 6th w.p.i., decreases in the 8th week and a final, weak rise was observed in week 11. The statistically significant changes in GST activity in this phase of experimental trichinellosis suggest that this enzyme participates in the biochemical defence of the host against Trichinella infection.
In experimental trichinellosis in rats the intensification of antioxidant processes has been observed. This phenomenon manifested itself in the late muscular phase (18th week post infection) of Trichinella spiralis infection through a significant increase in the activity of superoxide dismutase and peroxidase and in the content of the antioxidant α-tocopherol (vitamin E).
The present study was undertaken to examine whether treatment with methylprednisolone could normalise (modulate) the biochemical dysfunctions in the skeletal muscles of mice in experimental trichinellosis. Our studies included investigations of two indices of the uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation: RCI value (respiratory control index) and QO₂ (oxygen uptake in state IV and in state III) as well as of two antioxidant enzyme activities: peroxidase (POX, E.C. 1.11.1.7) and superoxide dismutase (SOD, E.C. 1.15.1.1) in mouse muscles infected with Trichinella spiralis. Treatment with methylprednisolone was responsible for the normalisation of the activity of POX at 30 d.p.i. and was responsible for 50% decrease in stimulation of SOD activity at 43 d.p.i. At other points of measurement the drug showed no statistical influence on the activities of this enzymes. The drug had not statistically significant effect on the value of the respiratory control index and on the value of oxygen uptake.
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