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Indicator bacteria of the genera Escherichia, Salmonella, and Streptococcus were introduced into the biomass animal by-products composted in a bioreactor. Two different carriers were used - meat carriers (pieces of meat placed in the wire mesh) and plexiglass carriers (tubes filled with minced meat). The inactivation rate of the tested bacteria was the main criterion of the sanitary effectiveness of the composting process. Two experimental cycles were conducted. A high efficiency of the composting process during the first cycle, where temperature reached 68°C and all indicator microorganisms were eliminated within 30 h, was demonstrated. After 161 h of the second cycle, the inactivation of the tested bacteria proceeded much slower and their theoretical survival ranged from 236 to over 1,000 h.
Proteus spp. is an etiological factor of urinary tract and bloodstream infections. The aim of this study was the retrospective analysis of susceptibility of Proteus spp. strains isolated from bloodstream infections (BSIs) as well as similarity evaluation of the strains isolated from different clinical samples. Proteus spp. strains were isolated in 2009–2017 from hospital patients. Identification was based on the colony’s morphology and biochemical or MALDI-TOF MS analyzes. The antibiotic susceptibility test was done using the diffusion method. Biofilm formation was evaluated with microplate method using TTC. Bacteremia caused by Proteus spp. was found in 97 patients, mainly secondary to urinary tract infection. Most of the strains were susceptible to piperacillin with tazobactam (95.9%) and amikacin (86.7%). Elderly patients have a higher risk of mortality after BSIs caused by Proteus spp. A detailed analysis was made for randomly chosen 26 strains isolated from 11 patients with Proteus mirabilis bacteremia. Using PFGE, we found that 10 (90.9%) isolates, collected from different clinical specimens of the same patient, were genetically identical.
Among many methods for food decontamination, high hopes are associated with nonthermal, low-pressure plasma technology. This study aimed to estimate the survival rate of Escherichia coli, Salmonella Senftenberg W775 and Enterococcus faecalis exposed to the action of plasma for the time from 0 to 800 s. As carriers there were used the laurel leaves. An analogous experiment was performed with the use of UV-C radiation. The results show that the plasma technology is more effective in bacteria reduction than ultraviolet radiation. The cells of E. coli, were the most susceptible to the action of nonthermal plasma and their numbers after 800s decreased by 7 log, after the same time the amount of enterococci decreased by about 6 log. Salmonella cells were characterized by a very high resistance to low-pressure plasma. Results of this study show that the plasma technology should be used for a longer time and in a higher dose to guarantee the full decontamination of food
The agricultural use of sewage sludge is possible on condition of maintaining microbiological and parasitological standards, and one of the most modern methods improving its sanitary state is solar drying. In the presented study, the effect of this process on the elimination of indicator microorganisms (Escherichia coli, Salmonella Senftenberg W775, Enterococcus spp.) and eggs of Ascaris suum introduced into the biomass of sludge was examined. The experiment was carried out in the spring period with a maximal temperature of 18 °C inside the drying plant. Bacteria and parasite eggs were introduced into special carriers (cylinders filled with sewage sludge) and placed at selected points of the drier. The carriers were removed every 7 days and subject to a research procedure in order to estimate the number of bacteria and percentage of live eggs of Ascaris suum. Sanitization of the material was not obtained, since after 28 days of the process the final product contained a large concentration of Enterococcus spp. and S. Senftenberg W775 (105-109 MPNg-1). Only the number of E. coli decreased by 6 log. During the process, the fastest decrease in the number of bacteria was observed in E. coli (ca 0.2 log/day), slower in enterococci (0.02-0.081 log/day), and the slowest in bacilli of the genus Salmonella (0.011-0.061 log/day). Sludge after drying also still contained 57-66% of live eggs of A. suum. The study proved that the solar drying of sludge in the spring period results in a product which poses a hazard for public and animal health and environmental sustainability, and should not be used as a fertilizer.
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