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1

Motion detection learning of random dot pattern in visually deprived cats

100%
Burnat K.
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis
|
1997
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tom 57
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nr 5
2

Experience dependent developmental plasticity of the visual system

88%
Burnat K.
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis
|
2007
|
tom 67
|
nr 3
3

Why do primitive weaver ants Polyrhachis laboriosa F. Smith bite repeatedly the same patrs of the body of their prey?

63%
Burnat K., Godzinska E. J.
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis
|
1992
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tom 52
|
nr 3
4

Boguslaw Zernicki (1931-2002) - investigations on sleep, learning and plasticity

63%
Burnat K., Turlejski K.
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis
|
2009
|
tom 69
|
nr 3
Professor Żernicki described himself as a “physician by education, physiologist by profession, but admirer of psychology and philosophy”. His most known and cited research concerned the pretrigeminal preparation. He proved that brain, isolated from the majority of sensory stimuli, preserves its basic behavioral functions and continues to learn. He studied also the perceptive and associative mechanisms of learning after deprivation of pattern vision at early developmental stages, elaborating the role of subcortical visual pathways in visual development. Professor Żernicki conducted research at the University of Pisa, University of Paris, Chilean University in Santiago, University of Rochester, and the University of Nice. He supervised NIMH grants for the Nencki Institute, hosted many foreign scientists, and organized several international conferences and meetings. Professor Żernicki was an author of more than 100 papers on central mechanisms of conditioning, isolated brain, physiology of the visual system and developmental neurophysiology. He also wrote four books in the Recent Discoveries of Science series, many chapters, textbooks and articles on policy in science. As a mentor in neuroscience he supervised 11 PhD theses. Most of his pupils continue research work in tenured positions in and outside the Institute. Several generations of neurophysiologists from the Nencki Institute were inspired by his scientifi c passion, talent for research and organization.
5

Laboratory observations of nuptial flights of the ant Polyrhachis laboriosa

63%
Burnat K., Godzinska E. J.
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis
|
1997
|
tom 57
|
nr 2
6

Direction discrimination learning in normal and visually deprived cats and the efects of lateral suprasylvian lesions

63%
Burnat K., Zernicki B.
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis
|
1997
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tom 57
|
nr 3
7

Critical period for motion perception in cats

51%
Zapasnik K., Kossut M., Burnat K.
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis
|
2009
|
tom 69
|
nr 3
Visual input guides the development of visual system in which distinct critical periods are connected with separate functions. Monocular deprivation during critical period leads to acuity defi cits, while binocular deprivation impairs more specifi c visual functions. Children with later onset of binocular cataract have normal global motion perception, while patients with congenital cataract show a defi cit (Lewis and Maurer 2005). Similarly global motion detection is impaired in cats binocularly deprived for 6 months (Burnat et al. 2002). The exact time-frame for global motion perception critical period still needs to be established. Two experimental groups of cats: congenital (2BD) binocularly deprived for fi rst 2 months of life and developmental (2N2BD) with 2 months of normal vision followed by 2 months of deprivation were used. Controls had normal visual input. Animals were trained in two-choice apparatus for a food reward. Visual discrimination tasks with random dot patterns differing in velocity and, or direction were used. In 2N2BD group we found signifi cant impairment as compared to 2BD group in velocity discrimination tasks. Moreover, we found in 2N2BD group that the detection of global motion signal at low contrast is impaired by the addition of dark noise. Surprisingly, visual experience for fi rst 2 months limited to the moving shadows may facilitate global motion perception as the 2BD group learned motion tasks faster than control group. Supported by MNiSW grant N40132/1002.
8

BDNF expression in cat striate cortex is regulated by binocular pattern deprivation

51%
Laskowska-Macios K., Arckens L., Kossut M., Burnat K.
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis
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2017
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tom 77
|
nr 3
Deprivation of patterned visual information, as in early onset congenital cataract patients, results in a severe impairment in global motion perception. Previously we reported a delayed maturation of the peripheral visual field representation in primary visual area 17, based on a 2‑D DIGE screen for protein expression changes and in situ hybridization for the activity reporter gene ZIF268. To corroborate these findings we here explore the binocular pattern deprivation (BD)‑regulated expression of brain‑derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a well‑described neurotrophin precipitously regulated by early visual experience. To assess the timing of maturation‑related BDNF expression we compared the central and the peripheral visual field representations of area 17 of 1, 2, 4 and 6‑month‑old and adult cats reared under normal visual conditions. To scrutinize the outcome of BD, four different deprivation strategies were compared, including early onset BD from birth and lasting for 2, 4 or 6 months (2BD, 4BD, 6BD), and late onset BD for 2 months upon 2 months of normal vision (2N2BD), as animal models of congenital and delayed onset cataract. During normal cortical development the BDNF transcript levels, measured by quantitative RT‑PCR, remained stable. Higher BDNF mRNA levels were found in central area 17 of 2BD and 6BD animals compared to age‑matched controls. In central area 17, the high BDNF mRNA levels at the end of the BD period may activate a mechanism by which plastic processes, halted by deprivation, may begin. We here confirm that the peripheral visual field representation of area 17 matures slower than its central counterpart. Only in central area 17 normal visual input upon BD could upregulate BDNF mRNA which may lead to a fast activation of local plastic adaptations.
9

Binocular deprivation alters the stratification pattern and the morphology of the axons of large ganglion cells in cat retina

51%
Burnat K., Waleszczyk W. J., Van der Gucht E., Arckens L.
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis
|
2005
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tom 65
|
nr 3
10

High resolution mri anatomy of the cat visual system at 7 Tesla

39%
Kozak A., Kossowski B., Orzel J., Welniak-Kaminska M., Burnat K., Fiedorowicz M.
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis
|
2017
|
tom 77
|
nr Suppl.1
INTRODUCTION: Majority of our knowledge about human visual system comes from cat or monkey studies. Feline models of visual diseases, such Macular Degeneration and congenital cataract accurately recreate many aspects of human impariments allowing for comparative study of neuropathology and the testing of the novel therapeutics. Advances in human visual system research frequently remain to depend upon animal modeling. However, filling the gap between body of knowledge about human and animal anatomy requires developing of imaging methods, providing more accurate comparisons. AIM(S): Here we describe in vivo visualization of the feline visual system that were previously only visible post mortem. METHOD(S): T2-weighted (TR=3500 ms, TE=30 ms) turbo spin echo (TurboRARE-T2) images were acquired using 7 Tesla Bruker BioSpec 70/30 USR (Ettlingen, Germany). Anatomic structures were identified based on feline histology. We applied in situ hybridization to measure the expression of the activity reporter gene zif268 as a function of the visual activation in the visual system of the cat. As a control histology staining was performed. RESULTS: T2-weighted, high resolution MR images of feline visual system are provided in sagittal and dorsal planes. Comparison with traditional high resolution imaging methods (in situ hybridization and Nissl staining) is shown. CONCLUSIONS: Presented data establish normal appearance of detailed anatomical structures of the feline brain. As feline models reproduces anatomy of human visual system most faithfully, this data provide reference when evaluating neurologic disease or testing efficacy of novel therapeutics in animal models. FINANCIAL SUPPORT: National Science Center, Poland, grant 2015/19/B/NZ4/03045.
11

Effects of pattern deprivation on the development of the motion-sensitive posterior medial lateral suprasylvian (PMLS) visual area of the cat as revealed by zif268 gene expression

39%
Zapasnik M., Laskowska-Macios K., Hu T. T., Kossut M., Arckens L., Burnat K.
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis
|
2011
|
tom 71
|
nr S
Long-term binocular pattern deprivation (BD) from eye opening results in severe global motion perception impairment in children and cats. We recently showed in cat that late onset deprivation (month 3 and 4 following 2 months of normal vision; 2N2BD), also leads to global motion perception impairments. Interestingly, 2 months of BD from eye opening facilitates motion perception, while a continuous 4 month BD period from birth (4BD) does not result in significant impairment. To test how these BD outcomes are reflected at the level of neuronal activity we compared the expression profile of the activity reporter gene zif268 in PMLS in three separate BD conditions. Adult and juvenile 4BD, 6BD and 2N2BD cats and age-matched controls were used. Cats were exposed to overnight darkness prior to 1-hour light stimulation and then sacrificed; kittens at the end of the BD period, adults after 2 years of visual training upon BD. In situ hybridization was applied using an oligonucleotide probe complementary to the nucleotides encoding amino acids 2-16 of the rat zif268 gene. For 4BD and 2N2BD kittens the zif268 mRNA level in PMLS was significantly elevated by 50%, as compared to age-matched controls. 6BD kittens also had elevated zif268 signals, but by 21%. Interestingly, zif268 expression in PMLS increases with age as in control kittens higher levels were observed after 6 than 4 months of age. In adult cats zif268 signals were highest in the 4BD group, while 2N2BD cats did not differ from controls. We infer that the developmental pattern of the motionsensitive area PMLS is affected by early BD. BD most likely prolongs the processes of cortical development, as zif268 mRNA levels in 4BD and 2N2BD kittens are equally high. Surprisingly, restoration of normal visual input in adult 2N2BD cats leads to normalization of activity levels in PMLS, while in the 4BD group it remains high. These results link high zif268 gene expression to behavioral performance.
12

Binocular deprivation reveals early plasticity-dependent region- and layer- specific zif268 expression profiles in cat primary visual cortex (area 17)

39%
Laskowska-Macios K., Zapasnik M., Hu T. T., Kossut M., Arckens L., Burnat K.
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis
|
2011
|
tom 71
|
nr S
Binocular pattern deprivation (BD) alters visual cortex circuitry development, here for the first time studied via analysis of regionand layer-specific expression of the activity reporter gene zif268. We describe its profile in cat area 17 after BD in comparison to age-matched controls. Three BD conditions were applied; the first four (4BD) or six (6BD) months from eye-opening, and a late onset BD in the 3rd and 4th month of age, preceded by 2 months of normal vision (2N2BD). Cats were exposed to overnight darkness prior to 1-hour light stimulation and then sacrificed; kittens at the end of the BD period, adults after 2 years of visual training upon BD. Radioactive in situ hybridization was applied to analyze zif268 mRNA levels. Juvenile and adult BD cats showed elevated zif268 mRNA levels in peripheral area 17 compared to central area 17, while in controls the signal was similar throughout area 17. 2N2BD kittens had such a BD pattern only in layer IV. All juvenile control and BD kittens, except 4BD, showed a similar inter-laminar zif268 expression profile for central area 17. The least active was layer IV and the most active layer V/VI. Adult control and BD cats displayed such a pattern throughout area 17. Furthermore in BD kittens, layers IV and II/III had a higher level of zif268 mRNA than in control area 17. 4BD resulted in a distinctive elevation of the zif268 mRNA level: in adults in all peripheral area 17 layers as compared to controls; in juveniles in layer IV throughout area 17 and in central layer II/III compared to controls and other BD kittens. We conclude that the quality of visual input during the initial 4 months of life plays a crucial role in establishing the inter-laminar circuitry within primary visual cortex in cat. We suggest that early BD arrests the developmental processes in central and peripheral representations leading to a continued differential zif268 gene expression ratio in central versus peripheral area 17 into adulthood. Project co-financed by the European Union from the European Regional Development Fund within the frame of International PhD Projects Programme (MPD4-504).
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