Ograniczanie wyników

Czasopisma help
Autorzy help
Lata help
Preferencje help
Widoczny [Schowaj] Abstrakt
Liczba wyników

Znaleziono wyników: 70

Liczba wyników na stronie
Pierwsza strona wyników Pięć stron wyników wstecz Poprzednia strona wyników Strona / 4 Następna strona wyników Pięć stron wyników wprzód Ostatnia strona wyników

Wyniki wyszukiwania

help Sortuj według:

help Ogranicz wyniki do:
Pierwsza strona wyników Pięć stron wyników wstecz Poprzednia strona wyników Strona / 4 Następna strona wyników Pięć stron wyników wprzód Ostatnia strona wyników
The loss of neurons and suppression of energy metabolism, in pathology‑affected areas of the brain, are characteristic features of several neurodegenerative conditions including Alzheimer’s disease, and vascular, dialysis, alcohol, liver, or thiamine deficiency encephalopathies. Multiple acute neurotoxic insults such as transient hypoxia, hypoglycemia, or xenobiotics generating excess of free radicals, glutamate-Zn excitotoxic stimulation, trace metal dis-homeostasis, inhibition of energy metabolism, may pave the path for subsequent stages of neurodegeneration. This presentation basing on cellular, animal models of neurotoxicity and clinical-laboratory medicine data, describes putative mechanisms linking early pathological alterations in energy‑acetyl‑CoA metabolism with late stages of different cholinergic encephalopathies. Preferential impairment of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons is blamed for appearance of cognitive deficits leading to dementia in final stages of these pathologies. This phenomenon may result from the fact that cholinergic neurons, unlike other ones utilize a direct key energy precursor metabolite – acetyl-CoA, de rived from glucose, not only for ATP and N-acetylaspartate synthesis but also for acetylcholine production. Cholinergic neurons also possess greater than noncholinergic ones and glial cells zinc accumulation capacity. Such properties promote amyloidogenesis and processing of amyloid‑β precursor protein, yielding accumulation of neurotoxic amyloid‑β[1‑42] oligomers. They may aggravate primary neurotoxic signals through interactions with extracellular and intracellular membranes and linked signal transduction [pathways. Amyloid‑β exerted no direct inhibitory effects on pyruvate dehydrogenase and other enzymes of energy and ACh metabolism. These data indicate that several cytotoxic insults may focus on acetyl-Co-A metabolism as an ultimate target linked with consecutive stages of cholinergic neurodegeneration. FINANCIAL SUPPORT: Supported by St-57 fund Medical University of Gdansk.
INTRODUCTION: The EBI2 receptor is one of the key mediators of innate immune responses. In cooperation with its ligand, oxysterol 7α,25HC, EBI2 coordinates immune cell positioning in the secondary lymphoid tissue, enabling appropriate humoral and cellular immune responses. EBI2 is also expressed in the central nervous system (CNS), where it regulates inflammatory signalling and myelination. Importantly, EBI2 receptor’s altered expression and signalling have been linked to a range of diseases including multiple sclerosis. AIM(S): The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of EBI2 signalling on lipid parameters in the cuprizone model of demyelination. METHOD(S): 37-week-old EBI2 knock-out (KO) and wild‑type C57BL6J mice were fed a 0.2% cuprizone diet for 5 weeks. The animals were decapitated immediately after 5 weeks or after an additional 2 weeks of recovery period on normal diet. Here, we report greater loss of brain cholesterol and triglycerides in EBI2 KO mice after 5 weeks on the cuprizone diet, indicating EBI2 receptor involvement in CNS lipid maintenance under demyelinating conditions. RESULTS: However, two weeks after return to normal diet, when spontaneous remyelination is observed, the data showed higher cholesterol and triglycerides levels and a greater increase in lipase activity in the EBI2 KO mice. Other studies showed that a sharp increase in lipase activity is observed in an experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis model around the time of symptom remission and in cerebellar slices between deand re‑myelination phases. CONCLUSIONS: Our data is, therefore, in line with these findings showing that earlier lipase activity in the EBI2 KO mice possibly leads to an earlier remyelination attempt, as observed by increased cholesterol and triglycerides levels. These results indicate functional involvement of EBI2 receptor in lipid homeostasis under pathophysiological conditions and thus warrant further investigations into the role of EBI2 in demyelinating diseases.
Neurodegenerative lesions in cholinergic encephalopathies include an excessive activation of microglia, which may aggravate this process. Infl amatory cytokines were reported to affect viability of cultured cholinergic cells, through the infl uence on their acetyl-CoA metabolism. The aim of this work was to investigate whether phenotypic modifi cations of N9 microglia by common neuron-differentiating stimuli can alter its energy metabolism, viability and biological activity in neurodegenerative conditions. In basal conditions lipopolysaccharide (LPS) slightly decreased PDH activity and acetyl-CoA content and activated NO synthesis (600%). The cyclic AMP alone (0.25 mM), caused 15% increase of nonviable cells at 300% rise in NO synthesis and 50 and 30% decreases in acetyl-CoA and ATP contents, respectively. In such conditions LPS resulted in further increase of NO accumulation and aggravated loss of cell viability and their acetyl-CoA content. In basic conditions retinoic acid (RA) alone did not alter viability and NO synthesizing capacity but increased acetyl-CoA and blunted cytotoxic potencies of cAMP and LPS to N9. RA-evoked restoration of N9 cell viability was accompanied by the increase in their acetyl-CoA content. These data indicate that activation of microglia depletes their acetyl-CoA, making them more vulnerable to cytotoxic insults. On the contrary, rescue of microglia by RA-signaling pathways is connected with restoration their acetylCoA pool. Supported by MNiSW projects P05A 11030 and NN401 2333 33 and AMG fund St-57.
Pierwsza strona wyników Pięć stron wyników wstecz Poprzednia strona wyników Strona / 4 Następna strona wyników Pięć stron wyników wprzód Ostatnia strona wyników
JavaScript jest wyłączony w Twojej przeglądarce internetowej. Włącz go, a następnie odśwież stronę, aby móc w pełni z niej korzystać.