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On 3 October 2015, on the local, asphalt road Borek – Pagowiec (51°35’40’’N, 21°0’47’’E, Central Poland), 74 dead grass snakes Natrix natrix (0.8 ind./10 m) were found, and two alive on the road side. The inventory was conducted along the road section of 916 m. Young and adult snakes were present. This road section separated a peatland of about 200 ha from fragments of a pine forest. Observation of such a high number of dead individuals could be an indication of migration to their overwintering sites, or of the use of warm asphalt. On that day, the air temperature was high, +20°C. This was one of the last three warmest days in 2015 (Figure).
The purpose of this study was to characterise the breeding birds of an old, extensively managed apple orchard and its influence on the biodiversity of the agricultural landscape in central Poland. What distinguishes old orchards from other habitats is the very high density of birds and the simplified species composition. The assemblages of birds are governed by an orchard’s age and the diversity of the habitats surrounding it. The non-use of chemicals in a traditional orchard was not found to limit the composition of bird species. Ten species nested in the orchard. The bird species and brood success were determined for 68 completed nests.
In 1994, the mapping method was used on an area of 34.8 ha to estimate numbers of birds breeding along the Mogielanka stream. The area consisted of the following habitat types: streamside woodland – 16.0 ha (46.0%), Urtica dioica community – 7.2 ha (20.7%), Cirsio-Polygonetum community – 4.8 ha (13.8%), stream and post-peat water bodies – 3.7 ha (10.6%), Eupatorietum cannabini community – 2.6 ha (7.5%), and Phragmitetum communis community – 0.5 ha (1.4%) (fig. 1). In total, 43 breeding species were recorded, with 355.5 pairs and density of 102.1 pairs/10 ha jointly (table 1). It has been found that the Mogielanka valley should be considered an ecological corridor which is important to the functioning of local populations. The community of common birds breeding there is specific and differs from that known from other carrs examined in Poland. The numerical and qualitative analysis of the breeding avifauna in the riparian vegetation along the Mogielanka stream shows that it cannot be uniquely classified to one of the habitat types – wooded or open sites. A peculiar combination of different habitats determined the composition of the bird community. It has been found that when a defined length of the stream is exceeded, that is 1 km in this study, the site is saturated with taxa characteristic of the linear streamside carr vegetation.
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