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The “Ustronianka” company in co-operation with the University of Environmental and Life Sciences in Wrocław participated in a project that focused on developing a method of increasing the extraction of bioactive compounds from fruit for an NFC juice. The goal of this experiment was to increase the content of polyphenolic compounds, which occur in fruits mainly in the skin, play a protective role there and are valuable to the human body as antioxidants recommended in the prevention of civilisation diseases. The difficult thing in the process of juice production is to bring out the components contained in the skin, which is the hard part of the fruit covered with wax. It was suggested to use the vacuum parboiling technique, which involves rapid heating of fruit with live steam to a temperature of 80°C and transferring it to a vacuum vessel, where rapid evaporation and cooling to a temperature of 35°C take place. In order to further strengthen the process of cell disruption, ultrasonic treatment of the pulp was used in order to disrupt all, even the toughest fruit structures and release their contents. The plant structure developed according to our own design on a pilot scale made it possible to evaluate the conditions and parameters of the process of parboiling the fruit and to achieve the goal ensuring a high content of biologically active thermolabile components of fruit juice. The experience gained in the pilot device on a semi-technical scale facilitated the selection of components and construction of equipment on an industrial scale, which was used for processing of fruit with a vacuum parboiling technique supported by the use of ultrasonic treatment and made it possible to produce a juice with a high content of biologically active substances.
The effects of different commercial enzymatic mash treatments on yield, turbidity, color, and polyphenols content of cloudy apple juice were studied. Addition of pectolytic enzymes to mash treatment had positive effect on the apple juice yields (from 64% in control samples to 80% after Panzym YieldMASH and Rapidase PEP). However, in the case of enzymatic mash treatment cloudy apple juices showed lower viscosity. These results must be ascribed to the much higher hydrolysis of pectin by enzymatic preparation. The content of polymeric procy- anidins were significantly lower in juices after enzymatic mash treatment (especially with Panzym YieldMASH) compared to the control samples. Generally in samples that were treated by pectinase Rapidase PEP and Rapidase FP Super, radical scavenging activity of cloudy apple juices was increased compared to the untreated reference samples.
The World Health Organization has recognized the epidemic of obesity as one of the top ten global health problems. More than 8000 polyphenols compounds are found in foods of plant origin; these compounds have been known for more than 20 years for their antioxidant properties, but it is now becoming clear that they may have other health benefits, including a role in energy control and weight management. Dietary guidelines recommend an increase of fruit and vegetable consumption, and interpretation of epidemiological evidence suggests that this may have an effect on weight management and obesity. A concern, however, is that a high intake of fruit juice could promote the development of obesity, but results have not been consistent across studies. Our results indicated that the components present in aronia juice significantly reduced concentration of glucose in blood.
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