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The phytoplankton in a lowland dam reservoir was studied in the third and fourth year after filling. The increasing concentrations of phosphates, ammonium ions and dissolved organic carbon were favourable for the development of blue-green algae. Besides Cyanophyta small green algae occurred in great numbers while in spring and autumn diatoms dominated in the phytoplankton biomass. High average densities in summer (4.5-5 10³ ind. dm-³) and biomass exceeding 8 mg dm-³ suggested that in accordance with the natural characteristics of waters of the peat-forest catchment area, there developed communities typical of eutrophic waters.
Mice similarly to some other rodent species communicate with specialized sounds in the ultrasonic range called ultrasonic vocalizations (USV). Evaluation of this behavioral activity enables estimation of the social interactions in animal models of diseases involving psychiatric manifestations related to the social environment like autistic spectrum disorders (ASD). Because of the growing evidence for involvement of cerebellum in ethiology of ASD, we decided to change physiological properties of Purkinje cells and look for signs of alterations in USV activity of newborns. In our experiments we switched off expression of the major protein calcium buffer (calbindin D-28k) in these neurons by means of the Cre/loxP technology. It is known from previous reports (1), that the lack of calbindin D-28k in cerebellar cortex results in motor coordination deficits due to disturbed processing of calcium signaling in Purkinje cells. Because coordination of the vocal apparatus depends on the cerebellar input we were curious if altered Purkinje cells function results in altered USV calling.
Sodium amidotrizoate is characterized by structural similarity with TIBA, and it could be speculated that it functions as a plant growth regulator. The aim of this work was to detect how it influences the growth and metabolism of the smallest vascular plant, Wolffia arrhiza Wimm., that is commonly used in biotechnological treatment of sewage, especially of human and agricultural origin. Sodium amidotrizoate strongly suppressed the growth of W. arrhiza (expressed as a fresh weight) by 21-30%, chlorophyll a by 9-30%, chlorophyll b by 26-30%, total carotenoids by 28-41%, monosaccharides by 6-10% and water-soluble proteins by 10-28% at the range of concentrations of 10-5-10-4 M, in comparison to the control. On the other hand, sodium amidotrizoate at lower concentrations (10-7-10-6 M) increased the content of analyzed biochemical compounds in W. arrhiza, except of the total pool of carotenoids. After seven days of treatment with 10-7-10-6 M sodium amidotrizoate, cultures were analyzed by SDS-PAGE, which showed the presence of some new specific polypeptides. Moreover, 10-7-10-6 M sodium amidotrizoate caused a two-fold increase in the activities of ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and NADH peroxidase. 10-8 M sodium amidotrizoate had no statistically significant effect on the W. arrhiza. Sodium amidotrizoate acts as a plant growth regulator and it could be speculated that it performs activities, similar to TIBA.
INTRODUCTION: The ketogenic diet is a high fat low carbohydrate diet, wherein the majority of caloric needs is covered by fats with very low carbohydrate intake. The diet is widely used not only by athletes and patients suffering from obesity or diabetes, but also by patients with intractable epilepsy. The high fat, low carbohydrate diet is extensively studied within the fields of numerous diseases including cancer and neurological disorders. METHOD(S): In present study, we used Purkinje cell (PCs) specific knockout mice lacking hamartin (tsc1), a key protein involved in mTORC1 pathway. Deletion of Tsc1 gene in PCs results in a loss of these cells and gait impairments. We implemented a ketogenic rodent chow to reveal its potential influence on prevention of loss of PCs in the cerebellum. We assessed the effects of treatment with the ketogenic diet on the quality of mice gait. The gait was analysed in the CatWalk system from Noldus. Obtained data were compared among groups: control animals, with tsc1 in PCs, fed with standard rodent diet, animals with tsc1 but fed with ketogenic chow and knockout mice, fed respectively with two types of abovementioned diets. RESULTS: Our results revealed that, as expected, animals without hamartin in PCs present severe gait disturbances. Supplementation of the ketogenic diet has no effect on gait disturbances caused by deletion of tsc1 in PCs. CONCLUSIONS: Additionally, statistical analysis of data obtained from animals without gene deletion didn’t bring any proof of differences in gait parameters between groups fed with two different chows.
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