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In 2007, specimens of chrysanthemum foliar nematode Aphelenchoides ritzemabosi (Schwarz 1911) Steiner & Buhrer 1932 were collected from leaf buds of black currant (Ribes nigrum L.). The taxonomic data of females collected from currants and females collected from Buddleja davidii L. were analyzed and most of the morphometric data were compared. The females collected from the black currant had a significantly longer throat glands, longer stylet and their excretory pore was located further away from the anterior end than in the females collected from the David butterfly bush.
The aim of the study was to determine the effect of various biopreparations on the growth of the apple root system, the number of spores of AMF, the total number of bacteria and microscopic fungi in the rhizosphere soil, and the degree of mycorrhizal association in the roots of two apple tree cultivars. The experiment was established in the spring of 2009 in the Experimental Orchard of the Institute of Horticulture in Dąbrowice. The research objects were one-year-old maidens of the apple cultivars ‘Topaz’ and ‘Ariva’ grafted on M26 rootstock. The trees were treated with the following biopreparations: control, control NPK (standard NPK fertilization), manure, Micosat F + manure, Humus UP, Humus Active + Aktywit PM, BioFeed Amin + manure, BioFeed Quality + manure, Tytanit + manure, Vinassa + manure, Florovit Eko, and Florovit Pro Natura. Treatment of ‘Topaz’ and ‘Ariva’ apple trees with the biopreparations Micosat F, Humus UP, Humus Active + Aktywit PM, BioFeed Amin, Vinassa, Florovit Eko and Florovit Pro Natura produced positive effects on the growth of apple roots and their mycorrhizal frequency, and the size of the populations of microorganisms in the rhizosphere soil.
The antagonistic activity of 52 isolates of Trichoderma spp. against Botrytis cinerea was tested in in vitro conditions using the dual culture technique. The results revealed that all of the Trichoderma isolates had the ability to inhibit the mycelial growth of grey mould. The percentage reduction in the growth of Botrytis cinerea after six days of incubation at 25°C varied between 45-78%. The isolates Tr43 and Tr52 showed the highest antagonistic activity (Tr43 - 76%; Tr52 - 78%). Biochemical and molecular identification indicated that both isolates were T. atroviride. The isolates showed differences in the utilisation of 11 to 96 different carbon sources. Additional biochemical tests revealed the ability of Tr43 and Tr52 to produce siderophores, indole-3-acetic acid and chitinases. Neither of the isolates gave positive results regarding phosphate solubilisation on Pikovskaya’s medium.
In this study, the rep-PCR technique was used to differentiate isolates of bacteria belonging to genus Pseudomonas and phosphate-dissolving bacteria collected from the root vicinity of apple and sour cherry trees. DNA amplification was carried out with complementary primers for repetitive sequences: REP (repetitive extragenic palindromic sequence), ERIC (enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus) and the BOX element. The most differentiated DNA profiles were observed when using REP1R-I and REP2-I primers, in reactions with which 25 different DNA patterns were obtained for 28 isolates. In reactions with the primers ERIC1R and ERIC2 or BOXA1R, 24 and 22 patterns were obtained, respectively. Following the use of all the primers, no differences were found in the DNA profiles of two isolates of Pseudomo­nas bacteria and three isolates of phosphate-dissolving bacteria. This result suggests that the isolates in which no DNA polymorphism was observed belong to the same bacterial strain.
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