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Lectin extracts were isolated from pea (PSA) and soyabean (SBA) seeds. In agglutination tests with human erythrocytes, SBA lectins showed higher activity than PSA lectins. The highest haemagglutination activity was observed with blood type AB, 50% lower activity with types A and 0, and the lowest, with type B. The experiment was performed on 30 male Wistar rats fed ad libitum a control diet or the same diet supplemented with PSA or SBA at a rate of 15 mg/day/rat for 14 days. Supplementation with lectins had a positive effect on feed intake and body weight gain, which differed significantly in the PSA group and numerically in the SBA group. PSA decreased the amylase activity in pancreatic juice and significantly decreased plasma glucose concentrations. Ca, P, Na, K, and Cl levels in pancreatic juice were similar in all groups. In rats fed the diets with lectin extracts, total pancreatic trypsin activity was significantly lower than in the control group and numerically lower in pancreatic juice. The results indicate that the effect of agglutinins from pea and soyabean seeds on pancreatic enzyme activity does not correlate with their agglutination activity.
The aim of the experiments was the evaluation of the physiological and productive effects of the application of full diet silages in the nutrition of heifers, bulls, milk cows and sheep. These silages contained sugar beet or half-sugar beet (50% d.m.) urea (20 - 60% N in total N ) , fiber foods, mineral additions and conservants. The average content of d.m. in silages was 21 - 26%, crude protein and crude fiber was 13 - 16% and 12 - 16% respectively and the concentration of the metabolic energy (ME) was 9.4 - 10.6 MDME per kilogram d.m.. The application of these silages alloued to eliminate the concentrates from the diet for heifers, bulls and sheep. Feeding ad libitum gave the body gain 0.8 - 1.0 kg per day in the case of the bulls. In the case of heifers good health and fertility uas obtained. Cous fed with these silages gave about 12 l of milk per day. These effects were due to good mutual cooperation of the energetic and nitrogen metabolism in the rumen of the animals fed with the diet containing beet and urea.
Golden delicious apples were separated for peels and pulp, dietary fibre content and some bioactive compounds were determined. Rats were fed a semipurified or LSM diet with or without the addition of cholesterol and 5% of apple peels or pulp, feed, and digestibility and lipid profiles in plasma were estimated. Apple peels were a better source of dietary fibre and bioactive compounds that had an influence on its TRAP value than apple pulp. Freeze-dried apple peels and pulp decreased protein digestibility but significantly affected the plasma lipid profile, expressed by a lowering of total cholesterol and LDL-C fraction contents only in rats fed a diet with cholesterol were noted. The high content of biologically active compounds in apples makes it preferable for dietary prevention of atherosclerosis and other diseases.
Raw seeds (R) of pea (P), faba bean (F), and soybean (S) were extruded at 130, 150 or 170°C, or boiled in water without previous soaking for 5, 10 or 20 min. Trypsin inhibitors activity (TIA) in raw seeds of P, F and S amounted 2.3, 2.1 and 31.3, and after extrusion at 170°C it reached 0.1, 0.5 and 8.5 trypsin unit inhibited/mg sample (TIU/mg) in P, F and S, respectively. Ten minutes exposition in boiled water decreased TIA to 0.1, 0.1 and 0.4 TIU/mg, respectively. Haemagglutinin activity (HAA) assayed in raw seeds with guinea pig erythrocytes was 400, 100 and 800 in Ę F and S, respectively. Extrusion at 170°C decreased HAA to 100, 0 and 100 in P, F and S, respectively. Extracts from faba bean and pea which had been boiled for 20 min did not agglutinate human erythrocytes. However, boiled soybean still showed agglutination activity at 200, 200, 100 and 400 for blood groups: 0, A, В and AB, respectively It is concluded that for the nutritional purpose extrusion at 150°C is adequate for elimination of TIA and HAA in P and F, but in the case of S 170°C is required. However, ten minutes of exposition of raw seeds to boiling water is effective for elimination of TIA. Boiling for twenty minutes canceled HAA in faba bean and pea protein extracts, but it was not so efficient in the case of soybean. Rats fed diets with 10% of extruded leguminous seeds (150°C) had significantly increased apparent digestibility of dry matter and crude protein.
The effect of different ripening stages of durian Durio zibethinus fruit on zinc content in liver of rats loaded with cholesterol. Durian Durio zibethinus is an exotic, climacteric fruit, rich in dietary fiber, polyphenols, saccharides, vitamins and minerals. Postharvest changes in durian fruit influence its physical and chemical quality, which determined its health protective effect – antioxidant and hypocholesterolemic. Durian is a good source of zinc. The aim of this study was to investigate the zinc content in lyophilisate of durian fruit and in the diets supplemented with durian fruits at different stages of maturity. The in vivo experiment was designed to determine the influence of these diets on zinc content in the liver of rats loaded with cholesterol. The zinc content in durian fruit, in the diets, and in rats livers was examined using a flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry (Perkin-Elemer 1100B). The zinc content in durian fruits ranged from 8.1 to 12.3 mg/kg. The zinc content amounted 45.0, 44.2, 47.1, 47.3 and 48.0 mg/kg in C, ch, chDM, ch DR and chDOR diet, respectively. The content of zinc in the liver in all animal groups was within the normal limits and amounted from 25.0 to 33.0 mg/kg fresh weight. Diet supplemented with durian fruits at different stages of ripening increases accumulation of zinc in the liver of rats loaded with cholesterol. Durian fruits, especially ripe ones, could be used as a natural supplementation of zinc in the diet and might be helpful in prevention of diseases or disorders related to zinc deficiency.
Diets supplemented with Mytilus galloprovincialis from polluted and non-polluted waters and their influence on zinc content in liver of rats loaded with cholesterol. Mussels may reflect the environmental problems that the ecosystem faces. Mytilus galloprovincialis is widely used as an indicator of water pollution in biological monitoring studies. These mussels are filter feeders and may accumulate important ecosystem pollutants what in turn may pose a potential risk to other organisms in the food chain. The aim of the study was to determine zinc content in the diets supplemented with mussels from polluted and non-polluted areas and in the livers of rats fed these diets for 30 days. The zinc content in the diets with mussels from contaminated and noncontaminated waters and in rat livers was examined using a flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry (Perkin-Elmer 1100B). The slight increase in zinc content from 73.2 ±1.2 mg/ /kg in ch diet (control with 1% of cholesterol) to 77.2 ±0.5 mg/kg in the diet with mussels from polluted site was found, but zinc content in all diet was within the normal limits reviewed by McDowell (1992) – 40 to 100 ppm. Zinc content in the diet supplemented with mussels from nonpolluted site (73.7 ±3.7 mg/kg) was similar to that found in ch diet. It can be concluded that cholesterol does not affect zinc bioaccumulation. However, prolonged consumption of mussels from contaminated sites may increase accumulation of zinc in the liver of rats.
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