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The increasing temperature is going to be more vulnerable for cool season crops like potato which requires an optimum productivity temperature of 18 to 20 °C. Thus, breeding for heat tolerance has become very important. Therefore, some previously used indices for abiotic stress tolerance have been used in our study for screening of high temperature stress tolerance in potato. Three high yielding (Kufri jyoti, Kufri megha and Kufri pokraj) and two local (Rangpuria and Badami) commonly grown potato cultivars were selected for our experiment. Potato cultivars were sown under normal condition and two high temperature conditions (polyhouse and early season) and indices such as HSI (heat susceptibility index), HTI (heat tolerance index), GM (geometric mean) and HII (heat intensity index) were used to evaluate the performance of the cultivars under all the three temperature conditions. The positive and significant correlation between HTI (heat tolerance index), and GM (geometric mean) as well as with tuber yield under all the conditions revealed that these indices were efficient in selecting the high temperature tolerant potato cultivars. We recorded the equal applicability of these two indices for both high yielding and local group of potato cultivars. Our study revealed that cultivar Kufri megha and Rangpuria showed higher heat tolerance between high yielding and local cultivars respectively.
Proteins and activities of antioxidant enzymes, including polyphenol oxidase (PPO), peroxidase (POX) and catalase (CAT), were evaluated in Dendrobium hookerianum during different stages of development of both protocorms and protocorm-like bodies (PLB) derived from seeds and axillary buds, respectively. The changes in the protein contents and the enzyme activities along with their isozyme patterns were compared between these two culture systems. It was found that the protein contents and the enzyme activities increased steadily over time during different stages of development in both the systems. Protein contents (4.57 mg/g fresh wt.) and activities of POX (21.9 U/mg protein), CAT (9.86 U/mg protein) were observed to be higher in PLB system as compared to protocorm system at stage IV of development. However, although the PPO activity increased gradually till the third stage of development, a decline was observed at stage IV wherein the activity was recorded to be more or less same in both the systems. Also, few proteins (~61, 50, 46, 32, 25, 16, 6 kDa) and new isozymes (POX 7, 8; CAT 2) were expressed only in PLB system of development. In general, high protein content and enzyme activities were detected in PLB system as compared to protocorm system. The results of the present study indicate that few proteins and isozymes could be regarded as specific biochemical markers for different stages of development of this medicinally important orchid.
Medicinal plants contain a plethora of secondary metabolites, most of which are bioactive in nature. The role of a popular plant growth retardant CCC has been investigated to explore its impact on secondary metabolite production, particularly phenols and flavonoids from in vitro grown Stevia rebaudiana. CCC stimulated the production of total phenols and flavonoids in calli and leaves. Moreover, this elevated level of phenols and flavonoids was correlated with the antioxidant potential of the tissue extracts. Methanolic extracts from CCC-treated calli and leaves showed significant increment in antioxidant activity as determined by standard DPPH, ABTS, and hydroxyl radical scavenging assays. No significant antiproliferative effect of methanolic extracts from different tissue was noticed against THP-1 monocyte (ATCCTIB202), Hela cell (ATCC-CCL2) lines endorses the issue of clinical safety of the extracts.
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