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The effects of 2-methyl-thiazolidine-2,4-dicarboxylic acid (CP) on paracetamol-induced toxicity were investigated and evaluated in a human liver derived HepG2 cell line. Incubation of the cells with CP (2 mM and 10 mM) drastically attenuated the GSH and cysteine depletion caused by toxic concentrations of paracetamol (1 mM and 5 mM). When CP (10 mM) was introduced alone into the medium, the level of malondialdehyde and the reactive oxygen species were maintained at the control levels with a simultaneous increase of non-protein sulfhydryl in the cells. Thus, the results of our work prove that CP is a non-toxic precursor of cysteine and GSH, and successfully prevents paracetamol toxicity in HepG2 cells.
The present work was aimed to obtain information about age-dependent changes of γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT) activity and the levels of non-protein sulfhydryl com­pounds (NPSH) in rat kidneys. In addition, protein-bound cysteine (PB-Cys), sulfane sulfur compounds and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were estimated. The results indicate that the activity of GGT and NPSH levels in the kidneys are re­duced with age. At the same time, a significant increase in the level of protein-bound cysteine was observed. Simultaneously, the content of sulfane sulfur compounds was increased in the group of the oldest animals. These findings indicate that the capacity for extracellular glutathione degradation and, in consequence, the availability of cysteine for intracellular glutathione biosynthesis may be impaired. The increased PB-Cys level indicates potentiation of the thiolation reaction, i.e. development of pro­tein-mixed disulfides. These results reveal age dependent disturbances in the thiol-disulfide equilibrium in the kidneys which leads to an imbalance between pro- and antioxidatory processes.
The redox status of plasma thiols can be a diagnostic indicator of different patho­logical states. The aim of this study was to identify the age dependent changes in the plasma levels of total, free and protein bound glutathione, cysteine and homocysteine. The determination was conducted in plasma of three groups of rats: 1) young (3-month-old), 2) middle aged (19-month-old), and 3) old (31-month-old). To­tal levels of glutathione, cysteine and homocysteine and their respective free and protein-bound fractions decreased with age. The only exception was a rise in free homocysteine concentration in the middle group, which indicates a different pattern of transformations of this thiol in plasma. The drop in the level of protein-bound thiols suggests that the antioxidant capacity of plasma diminishes with age, which, consequently, leads to impaired protection of -SH groups through irreversible oxida­tion. The plasma sulfane sulfur level also declines with age, which means that aging is accompanied by inhibition of anaerobic sulfur metabolism.
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