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1

Response of leaf functional traits of Cerasus yedoensis (Mats.) Yü li to serious insect attack

100%
Wang C., Liu J., Xiao H., Du D.
Polish Journal of Environmental Studies
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2016
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tom 25
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nr 1
The morphological features of plants, such as leaf functional traits, are adaptations that enable them to live under different environmental conditions. Thus, leaf functional traits can provide a link between various environmental factors and leaf functions. This study aims to gain insights into the differences in leaf functional traits between healthy (no insect attack) and damaged (serious insect attack) Cerasus yedoensis Yü li. Petiole diameter, leaf length, leaf thickness, ratio of leaf length to petiole length, leaf shape index, and single leaf wet and dry weight of damaged leaves were significantly higher than those of healthy leaves, but lower for leaf moisture and specific leaf area (SLA). Plasticity indices of petiole diameter, petiole length, leaf length, leaf width, and leaf shape index of healthy leaves were higher than those of damaged leaes, but contrary for the plasticity indices of the ratio of leaf length to petiole length, leaf moisture, and SLA of healthy leaves. SLA was positively correlated with leaf moisture but negatively correlated with petiole diameter, leaf length, leaf thickness, ratio of leaf legth to petiole length, leaf shape index, and single leaf wet and dry weight. After serious insect attack, damaged C. yedoensis contained increased quantities of material investment per unit area to exhibit a more efficient anti-herbivore defense; thus, leaf moisture and SLA were decreased, but leaf thickness, and single leaf wet and dry weight were increased. Meanwhile, damaged leaves also were more slender and invested more biomass to the lamina than to the petiole.
2

Role and relationship of nitric oxide and hydrogen peroxide in adventitious root development of marigold

100%
Liao W., Xiao H., Zhang M.
Acta Physiologiae Plantarum
|
2009
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tom 31
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nr 6
Several lines of evidence suggest that nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) are important signal molecules involved in plant development and other physiological processes. Marigold (Tagetes erecta L. ‘Marvel’) was used to understand the role and relationship of NO and H₂O₂ in adventitious root development of plants. The results showed that the effects of H₂O₂ or NO on adventitious root organogenesis of explants were dose dependent, with maximal biological responses at 200 µM H₂O₂ or 50 µM NO donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP). The results also indicated the importance of both putative NO synthase (NOS)-like and nitrate reductase (NR) enzymes, which might be responsible for the production of NO in explants during rooting. Additionally, guanosine 3', 5' -cyclic monophosphate (cGMP) was involved in NO-induced root formation of marigold, but it was not involved in H₂O₂- mediated rooting process. The root number and length of explants treated with NO and H₂O₂ simultaneously were significantly higher than those of explants treated with H₂O₂ or NO alone. Moreover, NO treatments enhanced endogenous H₂O₂ levels in hypocotyls. Together, these results indicate that NO and H₂O₂ play crucial roles in the adventitious root development of marigold explants both synergistically and independently.
3

Nitrogen deposition influences the allelopathic effect of an invasive plant on the reproduction of a native plant: Solidago canadensis versus Pterocypsela laciniata

88%
Wang C., Liu J., Xiao H., Zhou J., Du D.
Polish Journal of Ecology
|
2017
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tom 65
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nr 1
This study aims to gain insights into the allelopathic effects (by using leaf extracts) of the notorious invasive Solidago canadensis L. on seed germination of the associated Pterocypsela laciniata (Houtt.) C. Shih under different nitrogen (N) forms added: inorganic (NO3--N and NH4 -N), organic (urea-N), and mixed N (a mixture of the three N forms at 1:1:1 ratio). Among the two used concentrations of S. canadensis leaf extracts the higher exhibited inhibitory allelopathic effects on seedling height and biomass, germination potential, germination index, and vigor index of P. laciniata. N demonstrated positive effects on seed germination of P. laciniata. The effects of mixed and organic N on the seedling biomass of P. laciniata were more pronounced than those of inorganic N and control treatment. The vigor index of P. laciniata under mixed N was significantly higher than those under single N form and control treatment. Thus, organic and mixed N showed higher ecological effects on seed germination of P. laciniata than inorganic and single N form. All N forms could alleviate the inhibitory allelopathic effects of S. canadensis on seed germination of P. laciniata. Overall, the inhibitory allelopathic impact of S. canadensis on seed germination of native species may be attenuated under increased and diverse N deposition, thus it could prevent its further invasion.
4

Reproductive allocation strategy of two herbaceous invasive plants across different cover classes

88%
Wang C., Zhou J., Liu J., Wang L., Xiao H.
Polish Journal of Environmental Studies
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2017
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tom 26
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nr 1
Plant invasion succeeds because of such invader characteristics as fecundity and high-efficiency multiple reproduction modes. The acquisition of individual resources and the benefits of individual fitness are driven by optimum patterns of life history and trade-offs of reproductive allocation (RA) in plants, and variations in RA strategy play an key role in plant adaptation to environmental changes. Thus determining the RA strategy of invasive plants is important for understanding the successful mechanism underlying plant invasion. This study aims to determine the reproductive allocation (RA) strategy of two herbaceous invasive plants (Conyza canadensis and Solidago canadensis) across different cover classes in eastern China. Plant height, maximum branch length, the reproductive branch number, aboveground biomass, the amount of reproductive investment, and the coefficient of RA of the two plants decreased with increasing cover class (although the changes were not pronounced). Thus the two plants may decrease physiological investment on reproductive behavior and reduce RA under competitive conditions because of interspecies competition that progressively decreased and intraspecific competition that gradually increased with increasing cover class. The RA of the two plants may be principally influenced by plant community composition at low cover classes, but by soil pH at high cover classes. This may be the outcome that soil pH of the two plants decreased with increasing cover class significantly. Thus, intraspecific competition for resources may play an important role in the RA strategy of the two plants under high cover class.
5

Does the culture service supply of green spaces match the demand of residents in a new district? A perspective from China

88%
Xiao H., Sheng S., Ren Z., Chen C., Wang Y.
Polish Journal of Environmental Studies
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2020
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tom 29
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nr 5
6

Functional traits and reproductive allocation strategy of Conyza canadensis as they vary by invasion degree along a latitude gradient

88%
Wang C., Zhou J., Liu J., Xiao H., Wang L.
Polish Journal of Environmental Studies
|
2017
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tom 26
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nr 3
This study aims to determine the functional traits and reproductive allocation (RA) strategy of the invasive plant Conyza canadensis across different invasion degrees along a latitude gradient in China. Invasion degree did not affect the functional traits and RA strategy of C. canadensis significantly. The high proportion of reproductive biomass (allocating approximately 20% of total biomass into reproductive behaviors) of C. canadensis across different invasion degrees can achieve a fitness advantage in broadening its habitat niches and can eventually attain a successful invasion. The higher proportion of reproductive biomass of C. canadensis in warm temperate and subtropical monsoon climatic zones may play an important role in its successful invasion in the two climatic zones in China. One possible reason for this is that eastern China and northern China, in which C. canadensis vigorously occurs, have the same or similar climate as their natural habitat in the original distribution region. The proportion of reproductive biomass of C. canadensis positively correlated with its total biomass, aboveground biomass, belowground biomass, and vegetative biomass, as well as with its height and leaf size. Meanwhile, temperature rather than annual sunshine hours or annual precipitation was determined to be the most important environmental factor that triggers pronounced effects on the RA strategy of C. canadensis.
7

Insights into the effects of simulated nitrogen deposition on leaf functional traits of Rhus typhina

88%
Wang C., Xiao H., Liu J., Zhou J., Du D.
Polish Journal of Environmental Studies
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2016
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tom 25
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nr 3
The effects of anthropogenic nitrogen (N) deposition on successful plant invaders, particularly potential effects on their leaf functional traits, have stimulated considerable research interest. This study aims to gain insights into the leaf functional traits of the controversial invader Rhus typhina in the presence of a gradient of simulated N deposition (control, 0 g L⁻¹; low N, 5 g L⁻¹; medium N, 10 g L⁻¹; and high N, 25 g L⁻¹). Soil pH is decreased under the growth of R. typhina. The soil acidifi cation mediated by R. typhina may be due to the positive effects of R. typhina on soil ammonium concentration and negative effects on soil nitrate concentration. Soil pH decreased under N fertilization due to the release of free H+ via the nitrification process. Leaf width, leaf chlorophyll and N concentrations, SLA, and single leaf wet weight of R. typhina increased in the presence of all N fertilizers; medium N and high N fertilization also increased leaf length and leaf thickness of R. typhina due to the fertilizing effects of the addition of exogenous N on R. typhina growth. Thus, R. typhina leaves may possess higher resource capture ability as well as higher relative growth rate by reducing material investment per unit area under exogenous N fertilization. Meanwhile, medium N fertilization exerts stronger fertilizing effects on leaf length, leaf width, leaf chlorophyll and N concentrations, single leaf wet weight, and leaf thickness of R. typhina than those of high N fertilization. This is possibly because excess N fertilization could drive some unexpected reverse phenomena on leaf growth of R. typhina. Thus, leaf growth of R. typhina may be presumably attenuated with increasing amounts of anthropogenic N deposited into ecosystems in the future, and thereby pose pronounced effects on its subsequent further invasion.
8

Effect of silicon on chilling-induced changes of solutes, antioxidants, and membrane stability in seashore paspalum turfgrass

88%
He Y., Xiao H., Wang H., Chen Y., Yu M.
Acta Physiologiae Plantarum
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2010
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tom 32
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nr 3
We present a detailed study to investigate if silicon supplementation enhances chilling resistance of seashore paspalum (Paspalum vaginatum Swartz) turf. An enhanced growth status suggests an improved chilling resistance by Si addition, which is coupled with the observation of more Si cells in leaf epidermal cells, as well as a lower LT₅₀ (the low temperature required to cause 50% electrolyte leakage). Chilling stress induces significant adaptive increases of free proline (P<0.01), all soluble sugar (P<0.01) and the activity of peroxidase (POD) (P<0.05), and leads to the decreases of the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) (P<0.05), results in notably higher measurements of malondialdehyde (MDA) (P<0.05). Silicon addition promoted significant increase of proline and sucrose (P<0.01), while maintaining significantly higher activities of SOD, POD, CAT, and notably leveling off of MDA (P<0.05) under chilling stress. These results indicate that silicon enhances the chilling resistance of turfgrass via maintaining a stable membrane and a beneficial cell status readily coping with the chilling-induced oxidative stress.
9

Foliar stable carbon isotope discrimination and nutrients contents in two desert plant species

88%
Zhao L., Xiao H., Liu X., Li J., Xiao S.
Polish Journal of Ecology
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2007
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tom 55
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nr 1
Variation of foliar stable Carbon Isotope Discrimination (CID Δ‰) and nutrient contents of Artemisia ordosica (Krasch) (semi-shrub species) and Caragana korshinskii (Kom.) (shrub species) were studied at the southeastern margin of the Tengger Desert, China. Foliar CID Δ, total phosphorus content (TP) and potassium content (K) in A. ordosica were markedly higher than in C. korshinskii while foliar total nitrogen content (TN) and water-use efficiency (WUE) (calculated from foliar CID Δ) in C. korshinskii were significantly higher than those in A. ordosica. There were significant and positive relationships between foliar CID Δ, TN and TP contents (P <0.001) in C. korshinskii, while in A. ordosica a strong and significant positive correlation existed between CID Δ and K content (P <0.001). Based on WUE, TN, TP, and K contents, as well as their relationships, we may conclude that in arid environments, the survival of C. korshinskii profits from its higher WUE, while the survival of A. ordosica from its higher TP and K contents in leaves. In addition, the correlations of foliar CID Δ values with TN and TP contents in C. korshinski and with K content in A. ordosica revealed that the water was one of the main factors limiting the absorption capacity for N and P in C. korshinskii, and for K in A. ordosica. While nutrient conditions were not the factors affecting the growth of C. korshinskii and A. ordosica in the study areas.
10
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CO2 concentration affects in vitro pig embryo developmental capacity

76%
Zhang L., Lin Z., Bi Y., Zheng X., Xiao H., Hua Z.
Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences
|
2018
|
tom 21
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nr 3
11

Protective role of mucilage against Al toxicity to root apex of pea (Pisum sativum)

76%
Geng M., Xu M., Xiao H., Wang H., He L., Zhao Z., Yu M.
Acta Physiologiae Plantarum
|
2012
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tom 34
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nr 4
Mucilage can strongly bind Al in the rhizosphere. Although there are still debates about the role of mucilage in protection of the root apex from Al toxicity, we considered that it might be associated with the characteristics of Al adsorption in mucilage. When the mucilage was kept intact, the accumulation of Al and induction of callose in root tips of pea (Pisum sativum) remained lower; thus root elongation was less inhibited than when mucilage was removed under Al exposure in mist culture. Size exclusion chromatography showed both a high and a low molecular weight polysaccharide fraction from root mucilage. Aluminum was predominately detected in high molecular weight polysaccharides, which strongly bound cations. The results indicate that the persistence of mucilage does protect the root apex from Al toxicity by immobilizing Al in high molecular weight polysaccharides.
12

Temporal distribution characteristic and risk analysis of heavy metals in greenhouse vegetable soils

76%
Cao Q., Liu B., Ren Z., Xiao H., Cheng J., Xue W.
Polish Journal of Environmental Studies
|
2020
|
tom 29
|
nr 3
13

Effect of grazing to copper pollution meadow on copper metabolism in Wumeng semi-fine wool sheep

76%
Chi Y., Xiong K., Chen H., Min X., Xiao H., Liao J., Shen X.
Polish Journal of Environmental Studies
|
2019
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tom 28
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nr 3
To assess the effect of copper pollution meadow on grazing Wumeng semi-fine wool sheep and find an action plan to solve copper pollution, two experiments (grazing and sulfur supplementation) were conducted on copper pollution meadow at Wumeng mountainous area in Weining County of Guizhou Province. The contents of heavy metal elements were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) in soil, pasture, and animal tissues, and the blood parameter was determined by automatic blood cell analyzer. The results of grazing experiments showed that the content of copper and zinc in animal tissues when Wumeng semi-fine wool sheep grazed in the copper-polluted meadow were significantly increased (P<0.01), but the molybdenum content in animal tissues significantly decreased (P<0.01). At the end of experiment, the Hb, PCV, and RBC of the experimental Wumeng semi-fine wool sheep were significantly lower than control group (P<0.01), and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) was significantly lower than the control group (P<0.05), and the wool yield and length were significantly lower than not the control group (P<0.01). The results of the sulfur supplementation experiment showed that the supplementation of sodium sulfate significantly reduced the copper element content in blood and liver of Wumeng semi-fine wool sheep, the hemoglobin (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV), and red blood cell count (RBC) in blood of the experimental Wumeng semi-fine wool sheep were significantly higher than the control group (P<0.01), and the blood parameter reached the normal range at the end of the experiment. The content of copper element in blood and liver of the control group continued to increase, and the content of molybdenum in the animal tissues continued to decrease (P<0.01). The Hb, PCV, RBC, and MCV of the experimental Wumeng semi-fine wool sheep continued to decline, and hemolytic anemia was seen in Wumeng semi-fine wool sheep from control group at the end of experiment. However, sulfur supplementation had no significant effect on the relevant indicators of wool quality. Conclusion: copper pollution meadow seriously affect the mineral metabolism of Wumeng semi-fine wool sheep, and we can utilize the antagonism of sulfur and copper in the food chain to achieve the goal of harmless utilization of copper pollution meadow.
14
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A new adaptation for in vitro co-culture of single porcine parthenogenetic embryos using feeder cells

64%
Zhang L., Lin Z., Hua Z., Zheng X., Xiao H., Hua W., Ren H., Zhu Z., Molenaar A., Bi Y.
Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences
|
2019
|
tom 22
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nr 4
15
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Impact of different sources of donor cells upon the nuclear transfer efficiency in Chinese indigenous Meishan pig

64%
Hua Z., Xu G., Liu X., Bi Y., Xiao H., Hua W., Li L., Zhang L., Ren H., Zheng X.
Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences
|
2016
|
tom 19
|
nr 1
Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) is currently the most efficient and precise method to generate genetically tailored pig models for both agricultural and biomedical research. However, its efficiency is crucially dependent on the source of nuclear donor cells. In this study, we compared the cloning efficiency by using three lines of donor cells that are derived from fetal, newborn and adult fibroblasts of Chinese indigenous Meishan pig. We showed that cleavage rate and blastocyst formation rate of the reconstructed embryos were not significantly different between the fetal (80.7% and 15.6%) and newborn ear skin (77.5% and 12.3%) fibroblast groups (p>0.05), but in both groups these indices were significantly higher than that found in the adult ear skin (70.5% and 8.8%; p<0.05). Reconstructed embryos derived from fetal, newborn, and adult ear skin fibroblasts were transferred to four surrogates, respectively. For the fetal, newborn, and adult ear skin fibroblasts, the number of pregnancies were two (50.0%), two (50.0%), and one (25.0%), respectively, and the number of deliveries were two (50.0%), one (25.0%), and zero (0.0%), respectively. Seven and two cloned piglets were obtained from the fetal and newborn ear skin fibroblasts respectively, while no piglets were obtained from the adult ear skin fibroblasts. Two cloned piglets from the newborn ear skin fibroblasts died shortly after birth because of neonatal asphyxia caused by dystocia. The birth weights of the piglets derived from the fetal and newborn ear skin fibroblasts were 1230.5 and 1310.0g, respectively, which were statistically insignificant (p>0.05), but both were significantly higher than that of the control groups (p<0.05). Microsatellite analyses demonstrated that the genotypes of all cloned piglets were identical to their donor cells. Therefore, cloned pigs were successfully produced using two sources of donor cells isolated from the fetal and newborn ear skin fibroblasts of Meishan piglet, and indicating a better cloning efficiency than that obtained from adult fibroblasts. We concluded that the nuclear donor cell lines have significant impact on the developmental competence of cloned embryos as well as on the cloning efficiency of Meishan pig.
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