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Celem pracy było określenie wpływu ważniejszych elementów meteorologicznych na kształtowanie się wilgotności gleby lekkiej pod uprawami żyta i ziemniaka w poszczególnych okresach ich rozwoju. Podstawę analizy stanowiły dobowe wyniki wilgotności gleby pod uprawami żyta i ziemniaka oraz wartości elementów meteorologicznych z lat 2001-2003, pochodzące ze Stacji Agrometeorologicznej w Lipkach koło Stargardu Szczecińskiego. Stwierdzono, że warunki pogodowe w większym stopniu determinowały wilgotność gleby pod uprawą żyta niż ziemniaka. Możliwości opisu wilgotności gleby tymi samymi elementami meteorologicznymi zmieniały się także w zależności od etapu rozwoju uprawianej rośliny. Największy wpływ elementów meteorologicznych na dobową zmienność wilgotności gleby pod uprawą żyta zaznaczył się w fenofazie kwitnienie – dojrzałość mleczna, a pod uprawą ziemniaka w fenofazie wschody – kwitnienie.
Podstawę opracowania stanowiły wyniki automatycznych, cogodzinnych pomiarów stężeń ozonu niskotroposferycznego pochodzące ze stacji imisyjnej WIOŚ, zlokalizowanej w Szczecinie przy ul. Andrzejewskiego. Stwierdzono, że w okresie badań obejmującym lata 2005–2007 największymi przeciętnymi stężeniami ozonu charakteryzowała się kalendarzowa wiosna, a najmniejszymi kalendarzowa jesień i zima. W ujęciu tygodniowym wykazano przewagę poziomu imisji weekendowej nad pozostałymi dniami tygodnia najsilniej zaznaczającą się w porze wiosennej. W przebiegu dobowym ozonu, zwłaszcza podczas wiosny i lata, występował wyraźny wzrost stężeń rozpoczynający się w godzinach rannych, z maksimum przypadającym na godziny od 15.00 do 18.00 (wg czasu UTC).
Thermal conditions and variability of temperature from day to day of the agglomeration Szczecin was characterized on the basis of 24 hours average, maximum and minimum air temperature for the years 2005-2008 from automatic stations located in diverse urban building conditions. In the center, within the built-up area a higher air temperature (from 0.4 to 1.2°C) than on the outskirts of the city, as well as more frequent of occurrence of feelings of heat to the classes „very warm” and „hot” was found. Whereas, on the outskirts, especially the southern more frequently occurred thermal sensations associated with classes of „moderately cold” and „very cold”. On the southern outskirts of the city the largest share of variability from day to day minimum air temperature over 6°C was observed. Generally, the smallest thermal stimuli in the area of least urbanized represented by the Łączna Street was characterized.
Living conditions, place of residence and surrounding natural as well as atmospheric environment determine human health status and life expectancy. This article presents the specificity of biothermal conditions as illustrated by the selected cities in Poland, with a particular consideration of unfavourable thermal conditions due to excessively high or low air temperature. The present article is a review. In accordance with the tendencies of climate change, it was found that in the cities in Poland, conditions hazardous to health and life due to excessively high temperature and heat stress as well as very strong heat stress, occur with increasing frequency, particularly in the city centre. Additionally, thermal discomfort which is markedly present in the city centre is aggravated and moved to night-time due to urban heat island. According to numerous studies, the incidence of such situations is less frequent in the coastal zone and in the suburban zones.
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Deformacja warunków anemometrycznych w Szczecinie

63%
On the basis of hourly results of automatic measurements carried out at three immission stations in the years 2005-2009 in the system of air quality monitoring, the differentiation of wind speed and direction in the area of the Szczecin agglomeration was described. It was shown that, in comparison with the open area, the largest deformation of the anemometric conditions that occur when SW winds blow, is characteristic of the densely built-up area in the centre of the town and a smaller deformation of these conditions is characteristic of a multi-storey built-up region. In the central part of Szczecin, the wind speed is more than twice as low as that in the unbuilt-up area, in the outskirts of the town, and the frequency of stillness periods amounts to 16% during a year and increases up to about 30% in night hours in spring and summer.
Basis of the study was made up of the results of automatic, hourly measurements of air temperature and bare soil temperature originating from the agrometeorological station in Lipnik (53°21’ N; 14°58’ E, 30 m AMSL) from the period of 2001-2005. Basing on the results of the linear regression analysis, relationships for particular months were determined between daily soil temperature at four depths and air temperature set in seven different combinations. It was stated that the highest possibilities of daily soil temperature prediction in profile to 50 cm are characteristic for the air temperature that is the average from 24 hourly measurements. Average absolute differences between the actual soil temperature and the one calculated from equations for this relation oscillate in the particular months between 1.3°C at the depth of 5 cm and 0.5°C at the depth of 50 cm. On average, the smallest differences apply to the warm half of the year and the depth of 50 cm. It was shown that significantly smaller possibilities of the estimation of daily soil temperature values are characteristic for daily air temperature amplitude.
During summer unfavorable bioclimatic conditions in cities are primarily related to thermal discomfort caused by the urban heat island, which often is additionally intensified by an increased concentration of air pollution. Temporary deterioration of aero sanitary conditions occurs during summer heat waves and is accompanied by an increased tourist flow toward regions particularly attractive in that time of year, consequently increasing traffic pollution. The objective of the present work is to statistically assess the influence of the intensity of the urban heat island on aero sanitary conditions in the central part of Gdańsk in excessively hot conditions during July 2010. The study is based on hourly air temperature and pollution concentration values included in the Common Air Quality Index: nitrogen dioxide (NO₂), tropospheric ozone (O₃), carbon monoxide (CO), particulate matter PM₁₀ and PM2.5, and sulphur dioxide (SO₂). The results of automatic measurements were obtained from four stations operating within the network of the Agency of Regional Air Quality Monitoring in the Gdańsk metropolitan area (ARMAAG). The intensity of the urban heat island was determined by means of differences of the hourly values of air temperature between stations situated in central and peripheral parts of Gdańsk, including the station in the direct vicinity of Gdańsk Bay. It was found that the urban heat island had a statistically significant influence on thermal sensitivity measured with the use of effective temperature ET. The highest intensity of UHI occurred between the central district (Gdańsk Wrzeszcz) and a typical seaside district (Gdańsk Nowy Port). In approximately 70% of cases, the intensity was in the range 1-3ºC, and its maximum values, over 4ºC, occurred in the morning (7-9 a.m.) and evening (5-8 p.m.). Urban heat island intensity in July 2010 had a statistically significant impact on concentrations of all analyzed pollutants and contributed to the decreased air quality in the centre of Gdańsk. In general, the strongest influence of the urban heat island intensity was manifested with a 1-5 hour delay, depending on the time of day and type of pollution.
The paper is an attempt to assess thermal conditions in the Dendrological Garden in Glinna against the conditions of the mesoregion of the Szczecin Coastal Region, as represented by five stations (Lipnik, Ostoja, Szczecin, Świnoujście, Kołobrzeg) in a study period of two years (May 2014- April 2016), based on measurements of air temperature taken at 200 cm a.g.l. Spatial variation of thermal conditions of the analysed area was found to be very large and was statistically confirmed. Mean air temperature in the analysed period in Glinna was 10.2°C which, in comparison with the other stations, proved to be the highest value. The absolute minimum, i.e. -12.7°C, was recorded in Glinna in January 2016 and the absolute maximum of 35.6°C in August 2015. It was shown that for the purpose of the assessment of thermal conditions in Glinna on the basis of mean air temperature from the 24-hour period, it is justified to refer to multiannual data from IMGW station in Szczecin. On the grounds of minimum temperature, amplitude, time of occurrence of spring and autumn frosts, as well as the number of days with frost and cold days, it was shown that the Dendrological Garden in Glinna has more favourable thermal conditions than the neighbouring areas.
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