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Celem badań była próba prześledzenia przebiegu yersiniozy u świń od momentu zakażenia do zakończenia siewstwa. Badania przeprowadzono na 15 ośmiotygodniowych prosiętach. Zwierzęta podzielono na trzy równe grupy i zakażono: grupę A - dożylnie, grupę В - dożołądkowo, a grupa С stanowiła grupę kontrolną - niezakażoną. Do zakażenia użyto chorobotwórczego szczepu Yersinia enterocolitica 0:3 biotyp 4. W ciągu 14 tygodni trwania doświadczenia zwierzę­ta poddawane były obserwacji klinicznej i badaniom laboratoryjnym. Przeprowadzono m.in. badania bakteriologiczne kału, immunologiczne a po dokonaniu uboju diagnostycznego - badania bakteriologiczne wycinków narządów wewnętrznych oraz histopatologiczne i ultrastrukturalne. Na podstawie przeprowadzonych badań wykazano, że doświadczalne zakażenie świń drogą pokarmową wywołuje silniejszą reakcję kliniczną i odpowiedź immunologiczną niż zakażenie drogą dożylną. Pałeczka Yersinia enterocolitica jest silnym antygenem pobudzającym zarówno odporność komórkową, jak i humoralną, a także nieswoiste mechanizmy komórkowe. Nie stwierdzono zależności między poziomem przeciwciał a izolowaniem drobnoustrojów z kału.
The aim of the study was to assess the susceptibility of 103 Yersinia enterocolitica strains isolated from pigs in Poland in the years 2000-2007 to 12 ß-lactam antibiotics. The in vitro susceptibility of the bacteria to seven selected cephalosporins of all generations and to five penicillins was tested by means of a disk diffusion method following the criteria and recommendations provided by the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards. The strains varied greatly in regard to their in vitro susceptibility- to ß-lactam antibiotics. The strains were found to be relatively highly susceptible to the third and fourth generation cephalosporins, while being generally resistant to the first generation cephalosporins and most penicillins. Taking into account the wide spread of Y. enterocolitica, in particular in the pig population, but also among other animal species, which creates an increasing risk to the public health, it is deemed necessary to systematically monitor the susceptibility of Y. enterocolitica strains to antibiotics.
The study has been taken up to collect more data on Yersinia enterocolitica isolated from pigs as the main reservoir and source of infection with strains pathogenic for humans. Bacteriological examinations, bio- and serotyping were conducted on 616 rectal swabs, taken from 308 fattening pigs. Two samples were taken from each animal to determine the ability of Y. enterocolitica to grow under different temperature conditions (warm and cold culture). It has been proven that low temperature constitutes a suitable culture condition. 138 Yersinia enterocolitica strains were isolated (22.40%), most of which (65.22%) were obtained in cold culture and 99.28% included in biotype 3 (one strain belonged to biotype 2). Serotyping yielded a positive result in 107 strains with the diagnostic serum for antigen O:3, in 18 - with the serum for antigen O:9, and 13 strains were determined to be non-typable. The results indicated that asymptomatic infections with Y. enterocolitica strains of the biotypes and serotypes pathogenic for humans are common in pig population.
The purpose of the study was to determine the occurrence of Yersinia enterocolitica in tissues of aborted fetuses, placentas, vaginal and rectal swabs of aborting sows from pig farms where reproductive disturbances were found and to determine and analyze the biotype and serotype affinity of the strains isolated. Altogether 97 fetuses aborted in various stages of pregnancy, 25 placentas and swabs from 231 sows were taken. All sows originated from farms where reproductive disorders appeared. In general, 1069 samples were collected. Two enrichment methods were used in this study; fast enrichment techniques in ITC broth, then plating onto CIN agar (ITC/CIN), and cold enrichment in phosphate buffered saline followed by plating onto CIN agar (PBS/CIN). From all samples examined, 96 Y. enterocolitica strains were isolated including 57 (59.4%) from rectal swabs of sows, followed by 6 (6.3%) from vaginal swabs and 2 (2.1%) from placentas. The bacteria were isolated from tissues of 18 out of 97 aborted fetuses. A total of 60 strains were selected for further examination - 29 strains originated from aborting sows and 31 from aborted fetuses. Among strains examined 54 isolates (90%) belonged to the biotype 1A of Y. enterocolitica and to the different serotypes 0:3, 0:5, 0:6, 0:7/13, 0:8 and NT (not typable). Only 6 strains belonged to serotype 0:3, biotype 4 Y. enterocolitica. Our study has revealed the possibility of Y. enterocolitica isolation from internal organs of aborted swine fetuses and sows from farms with reproductive disturbances. The results suggest the connection between fetal death, pregnancy course disorders and Y. enterocolitica infection.
The purpose of the study was to evaluate the susceptibility of Yersinia (Y.) enterocolitica strains isolated from pigs in the north-eastern region of Poland to various chemotherapeutics. In total, the study comprised 103 Y. enterocolitica strains isolated in the years 2000-2007 from pig farms located in north-eastern Poland. The in vitro susceptibility of Y. enterocolitica strains to 14 chemotherapeutics was evaluated (ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin, norfloxacin, gentamycin, neomycin, streptomycin, oxytetracycline, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, colistin, tiamulin, sulphonamides, sulphamethoxazole/trimethoprim-SXT, nitrofurantoin). Commercially available antimicrobial disks produced by Rosco and OXOID were used. The in vitro susceptibility of Y. enterocolitica strains was evaluated by a standardized disk diffusion method using Mueller-Hinton agar, according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) recommendations. The study demonstrated the significant variation in the susceptibility of the isolates. The Y. enterocolitica strains were found to show the highest in vitro susceptibility to quinolones (ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, enrofloxacin), gentamycin and colistin. A slightly lower susceptibility in case of chloramphenicol and SXT was noticed. Streptomycin and neomycin were less effective. Sulfonamides and nitrofurantoin were also found to have very limited efficacy. However, Y. enterocolitica strains were fully resistant to tiamulin. Taking into account the widespread presence of Y. enterocolitica in many animal species and their increasing risk for public health, it is necessary to continually monitor the susceptibility of Y. enterocolitica strains to chemotherapeutics.
The aim of the studies was to evaluate the carrier state of Yersinia enterocolitica and its effect on the immune response in experimentally infected pigs. The experiment was performed on 15 piglets aged eight weeks divided into three groups: I - piglets infected intravenously, II-animals infected intragastrically, III - a control group (non-infec- ted). In experimentally infected piglets the bacterial colonization caused by Y. enterocolitica was found in the intestines and tonsils and the carrier state lasted for 8 to 12 weeks. The infection brought about an increase in the level of specific antibodies (0:3). There was no correlation between the concentration of specific antibodies and the detectability of Y. enterocolitica in faeces of the piglets.
The aim of the study was to determine the time of emergence and level of Y. enterocolitica antibodies in pregnant sows challenged orally with Y. enterocolitica in particular trimesters of pregnancy (groups I, II and III, respectively) and also the assignation of its influence on the CRP and Hp concentration in sera of pigs. Levels of antibodies measured by tube agglutination test increased slowly from 2 weeks post infection (wpi) and positive results were obtained not in all animals. In ELISA, in 2 weeks in all groups of infected animals high levels of antibodies against Y. enterocolitica were formed and lasted up to the end of the experiment. In newborn piglets in all groups, a significant decrease in antibody levels 6 weeks after birth was observed in both agglutination and ELISA tests. Concentrations of CRP as Hp in all groups of infected animals increased in 1 week post infection. Statistically significant differences (P ≤ 0.05) between CRP levels in groups I and II (46-fold and 44-fold) as well as III (29-fold) were revealed. In case of Hp, statistically significant differences between groups of animals in the first week post infection were not observed. Our findings indicate that Y. enterocolitica infection evoked strong and long-lasting immunological reaction in the form of specific antibodies production in all inoculated animals. The significant increase in CRP and moderate increase in Hp concentrations in the sera of pregnant sows also occurred. However, relationships between colostrums antibody levels in piglets’ sera and phase of pregnancy when the Y. enterocolitica infection happened in sows were not observed.
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