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A new species of bat in the Hipposideros bicolor group, found in a very restricted area in Central Laos, is described. The new bat is very similar in general body size and shape to H. rotalis, a species whose distribution includes the known range of the new species. However the new species differs noticeably in the size of the noseleaf, rostral chambers, skull structures related to sound emission or reception, frontal skull width, and echolocation frequency. Both species are superficially very similar to H. orbiculus and H. ridleyi, from the Malayan peninsula, Borneo, and Sumatra, which had been considered sibling species of H. rotalis, perhaps implying vicariant speciation involving the Isthmus of Kra. The new species resembles H. orbiculus in its smaller internarial septum, and the echolocation frequency is also similar, but skull traits clearly ally H. orbiculus with H. ridleyi, which is sympatric with it in peninsular Malaysia. Molecular systematic analyses of cytochrome b nucleotide sequences of a sample of species in the H. bicolor group support the sister status between the new species and H. rotalis. However, H. ridleyi does not join the latter two in a monophyletic group, apparently having evolved similar morphology and echolocation convergently from a different ancestor.
We report records for eight species of tube-nosed bats, Murina, from Laos. Murina cyclotis is the most widespread in the region, although DNA barcodes of specimens currently identified as M. cyclotis suggest high genetic diversity within southeast Asia with the possibility that the form found in Indochina is not the same as that from the type locality on the Indian subcontinent. We recognize M. peninsularis from peninsular Malaysia and Borneo as distinct from M. cyclotis. Murina huttoni is known from only one locality in Laos but has been reported from scattered localities elsewhere in southeast Asia including Vietnam and Thailand. Specimens previously reported as M. tubinaris from southeast Asia, including Laos, were recently recognized as a distinct species, M. cineracea; however, we suggest M. feae is the appropriate name for this species, based on examination of the holotype from Myanmar. Specimens formerly reported as M. aurata from Laos are now referred to the recently described M. eleryi from Vietnam. A specimen from northern Laos matches the description of M. harrisoni in morphology, while genetically it matches M. tiensa. Comparisons with additional material from Vietnam, as well as DNA from both type specimens, suggest that M. tiensa is a junior synonym of M. harrisoni. We also report M. harrisoni from Thailand and Myanmar, based on specimens originally published as M. leucogaster. The latter species is not otherwise known to occur in Thailand or Myanmar and should be removed from those countries' lists. The recently described M. walstoni is here reported for the first time from Laos. Two additional species from Laos do not match any currently described species, and are here described as new; both are also reported from Vietnam and one from Cambodia.
A new species of small Kerivoula is described from peninsular Malaysia. It is similar in size and form to Kerivoula hardwickii Miller 1898 or K. intermedia Hill and Francis 1984, but is distinguished by its distinctive colouration — dorsal fur has extensive black bases with shiny golden tips, ventral fur has dark grey bases with whitish-buff tips — as well as several characters of dentition and skull shape. Sequence analysis of the first 648 base pairs of cytochrome oxidase I gene (DNA barcode) indicates a divergence of at least 11% from all other species of Kerivoula, a difference comparable to that between other species of Kerivoula.
A new species of Hipposideros belonging to the H. pratti group is described. The species has been identified from a fairly restricted area in central Lao PDR and adjacent Vietnam, in South East Asia. The species is a large leaf-nosed bat, mid-way in size between the two other species known from the group, H. lylei and H. pratti, and its skull is significantly different in shape compared to the other two species. The new species roosts at least partially in caves in areas of degraded mixed deciduous and semi-evergreen forest as well as in areas of undisturbed semi-evergreen forest. The known distribution of all three species appears be allopatric, however, many areas within the region remain to be surveyed and so subsequent survey work may show the species to be sympatric.
During the examination of a series of specimens, formerly referred to Myotis montivagus, recently collected in Vietnam and Lao PDR, we found that they differ in several important ways from any species formerly included in M. montivagus. We describe them as a new species characterised by a relatively long forearm, moderately long ears, flat cranial profile and wide anteorbital bridge. Based on characters classically used to separate the ‘subgenera’ of Myotis the new species shows affinities to both the nominate subgenus ‘Myotis’ and ‘Selysius’. Our morphological investigations support recent phylogenetic analyses showing that the former ‘subgenera’ of Myotis are in fact paraphyletic groups, even within Southeast Asia. Nevertheless, many of the external and craniodental features formerly used to separate these subgenera provide a practical means of grouping species. Using these characters we provide an identification key to identify the new species, as well as other currently recognized medium and large sized, small-footed Myotis species from the Indomalayan Region.
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