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Chronic stress adaptation of the nitric oxide synthases and IL-1beta levels in brain structures and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity induced by homotypic stress

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Gadek-Michalska A., Tadeusz J., Rachwalska P., Bugajski J.
Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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2015
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tom 66
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nr 3
2

Subdiaphragmatic vagotomy prevents restraint stress-induced alternations in glutamatergic transmission and LTP in the rat frontal cortex

100%
Bobula B., Rachwalska P., Hess G.
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis
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2015
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tom 75
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nr Supl.
BACKGROUNDANDAIMS: Repeated exposure of experimental animalsto stressinduces a spectrumof depression-like symptomsincluding anorexia, weight loss, anhedonia, fatigue, impaired social interactions and memory dysfunctions. However, the mechanisms of the influence of stress on glutamatergic transmission and synaptic plasticity in the cerebral cortex remain poorly understood. The vagus nerve appears to be an important neural pathway for communicating immune signals originating in the periphery to the brain. Subdiaphragmatic vagotomy (SV) had earlier been shown to inhibit behavioral and neural effects of peripheral interleukin-1beta (IL-1β). We have previously demonstrated that peripherally produced IL-1β may mediate the influence of repeated restraintstress on the functions of the frontal cortex. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the vagus nerve mediates the effects of repeated restraint stress on excitatory synaptic transmission and longterm potentiation (LTP) in the rat frontal cortex. METHODS: Subdiaphragmatic vagotomy or sham surgery was performed 10 days before restraint stress and electrophysiological measurements. The effects of 10 min restraint stress, repeated twice daily for 3 consecutive days were studied ex vivo in the rat frontal cortex slices prepared 24 h after the last stress session. RESULTS: In slices originating from stressed animals, the amplitude of field potentials was increased, compared to control preparations. Consistent with the previous studies, restraint stress resulted in a reduced magnitude of LTP. Stress-induced modifications of the glutamatergic transmission and synaptic plasticity were prevented by SV procedure. CONCLUSION: These data suggest that the vagus nerve may mediate the influence of repeated restraint stress on the rat frontal cortex.
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Interleukin-1beta in ACTH and corticosterone secretion

76%
Tadeusz J., Gadek-Michalska A., Szymanska M., Spyrka J., Rachwalska P., Bugajski J.
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis
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2011
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tom 71
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nr S
Interleukin-1ß (IL-1ß) is crucial mediator of adaptative stress response of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. The potential relationship between stress and brain IL-1ß has not been elucidated. Central and systemic administration of IL-1ß enhanced HPA axis activity. We examined the role of IL-1ß in ACTH and corticosterone (CORT) secretion and parallel alterations of IL-1ß in plasma and brain structures involved in HPA axis regulation. Experiments were performed on male Wistar rats. Non-stressed groups of rats were injected i.p. IL-1ß, IL-1ß receptor antagonist and saline. Stressed rats were exposed to 10 min restraint twice a day for 3 days. Twenty-four hour after the last stress period rats were treated like non-stressed. After decapitation trunk blood was collected and the brain prefrontal cortex, hippocampus and hypothalamus were excised and frozen at -70°C. Total CORT, ACTH and IL-1ß levels were determined using commercially available kits. Western blot analyses were performed on brain structures. Under basal conditions IL-1ß considerably increased plasma IL-1ß level, in a time dependent manner, more potently 1 h than 2 h following administration. By contrast plasma ACTH and CORT levels were more strongly enhanced at 2 h than 1 h after IL-1ß injection. This indicates that the most potent increase in plasma IL-1ß levels preceded a similar enhancement of ACTH and CORT secretion. IL-1ß receptor antagonist abolished the increase in ACTH and CORT responses to exogenous IL-1ß. Prior repeated stress increased IL-1ß production and sensitized ACTH and CORT responses to exogenous IL-1ß. Repeated stress also enhanced IL-1ß level in brain structures involved in HPA axis regulation and intensified this increase induced by exogenous IL-1ß. These results indicate the selective modulatory role of IL-1ß in HPA axis activation under basal and stress conditions. Financed by European Regional Development Fund, grant POIG 01.01.02-12-004/09-00.
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