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1

Genetic approaches for breeding heat stress tolerance in faba bean (Vicia faba L.)

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Lavania D., Siddiqui M. H., Al-Whaibi M. H., Singh A. K., Kumar R., Grover A.
Acta Physiologiae Plantarum
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2015
|
tom 37
|
nr 01
Vicia faba L. (faba bean) is an important legume and is cultivated essentially as a cool-season crop. Changes in sowing dates and lack of precipitation expose faba bean crop to drought and heat stresses. The gradual rise in global temperatures owing to climate change is likely to exacerbate the detrimental effects of hot and dry climatic conditions on faba bean cultivation. High temperature stress is particularly damaging to faba bean during the flowering period, when the viability of pollen is critical for successful reproduction. Recent studies have shown that maintenance of protein homeostasis through synthesis of heat shock proteins plays a key role in the heat response of plants. To date, there has been no significant work linking the heat response of faba bean to the repertoire of its heat shock proteins. While quantitative trait loci have been identified for resistance against biotic stresses in faba bean, there is no parallel success with abiotic stresses in this species. Programs aiming at genetic improvement of the heat/drought resistance of this crop by both conventional breeding and molecular breeding methods are hampered because of the large and majorly ill-analyzed genome of faba bean plants. Likewise, molecular and biotechnology- related tools are poorly developed for faba bean; as a result, the fruits of transgenic research developed with model plant species are not reaching this crop. While specifically discussing the prospects for the genetic improvement of faba bean against heat and drought stresses, we highlight the areas of research which need to be strengthened on faba bean.
2

Calcium chloride and gibberellic acid protect linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) from NaCl stress by inducing antioxidative defence system and osmoprotectant accumulation

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Khan M. N., Siddiqui M. H., Mohammad F., Naeem M., Masroor M., Khan A.
Acta Physiologiae Plantarum
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2010
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tom 32
|
nr 1
Salinity stress affects many metabolic facets of plants and induces anatomical and morphological changes resulting in reduced growth and productivity. To overcome the damaging effects of salinity, different strategies of the application of nutrients with plant hormones are being adopted. The present study was carried out with an aim to find out whether application of calcium chloride (CaCl₂) and gibberellic acid (GA₃) could alleviate the detrimental effects of salinity stress on plant metabolism. Fifteen days old plants were supplied with (1) 0 mM NaCl + 0 mg CaCl₂ kg⁻¹ sand + 0 M GA₃ (control, T0); (2) 0 mM NaCl + 10 mg CaCl₂ kg⁻¹ sand + 0 M GA₃ (T1); (3) 0 mM NaCl + 0 mg CaCl₂ kg⁻¹ sand + 10⁻⁶ M GA₃ (T2); (4) 150 mM NaCl + 0 mg CaCl₂ kg⁻¹ sand + 0 M GA₃ (T3); (5) 150 mM NaCl + 10 mg CaCl₂ kg⁻¹ sand + 0 M GA₃ (T4); (6) 150 mM NaCl + 0 mg CaCl₂ kg⁻¹ sand + 10⁻⁶ M GA₃ (T5); (7) 150 mM NaCl + 10 mg CaCl₂ kg⁻¹ sand + 10⁻⁶ M GA₃ (T6). To assess the response of the crop to NaCl, CaCl₂ and GA₃, plants were uprooted randomly at 60 days after sowing. The presence of NaCl in the growth medium decreased all the growth and physio-biochemical parameters, except electrolyte leakage, proline (Pro) and glycine betaine (GB) content, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), H₂O₂ content, activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) and leaf Na content, which exhibited an increase of 37.6, 29.3, 366.9, 107.5, 59.1, 17.1, 28.4 and 255.2%, respectively, compared to the control plants. However, application of CaCl₂ in combination with GA₃ appears to confer greater osmoprotection by the additive role with NaCl in Pro and GB accumulation. Although the activities of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT and POX) were increased by salt stress, the combined application of CaCl₂ and GA₃ to salt-stressed plants further enhanced the activities of these enzymes by 25.1, 6.7 and 47.8%, respectively, compared to plants grown with NaCl alone. The present study showed that application of CaCl₂ and GA₃ alone as well as in combination mitigated the adverse effect of salinity, but combined application of these treatments proved more effective in alleviating the adverse effects of NaCl stress.
3

Identification and characterization of a small heat shock protein 17.9-CII gene from faba bean (Vicia faba L.)

100%
Kumar R., Lavania D., Singh A. K., Negi M., Siddiqui M. H., Al-Whaibi M. H., Grover A.
Acta Physiologiae Plantarum
|
2015
|
tom 37
|
nr 09
We cloned and characterized the full-length coding sequence of a small heat shock protein 17.9 gene from faba bean encoding 160 amino acids and containing the conserved a-crystallin domain at the C-terminus. Homology and phylogenetic analysis suggested its proximity with the class II sHsp members of fabaceae family. Therefore, we name this gene as VfHsp17.9-CII. The VfHsp17.9-CII transcript showed a clear heat stress induction pattern in leaves of young seedlings and flowering plants. Transient expression of VfHsp17.9-CII fused with green fluorescent protein reporter indicated its nuclear localization. Overexpression of recombinant VfHsp17.9- CII protein in Escherichia coli cells increased tolerance of the bacterial cells to heat and arsenic stresses. The reduction of faba bean pollen viability in response to heat stress correlated with the accumulation pattern of VfHsp17.9-CII transcript in heat stressed pollen. It is suggested that VfHsp17.9-CII protein plays a key role in heat and heavy metal stress tolerance.
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