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The aim of this study was to compare pure-bred Limousine cattle with their crossbreds with Black-and-White breed in regard to the selected zoometrical measurements, selected fertility indices as well as birth weight of calves and their daily body weight gains. The research was conducted on the Czarnocin organic farm located in theWest Pomerania Province. Purebred cows were characterized by a higher mean body weight, higher hip height and lower chest girth than crossbreds. Pure-bred individuals had slightly better fertility indices in comparison with their crossbred age mates. Significantly (P≤0.05) higher body weight and daily body weight gains at 210 days of age were found in bull calves compared with heifers.
The aim of the study was the analysis of the effect of calving season on the course of parturition and rearing results of Polish Holstein-Friesian calves of Black-and-White strain from birth to 3 months of age. Easy calvings (1;2) predominated on the farm. In spring, they accounted for 91.2% of all calvings occurring in this season. The respective values for summer, winter and autumn were 89.7%, 88.6% and 87.6%. The highest mean birth weight was characteristic of calves born in winter (40.8 kg and 44.2 kg for heifer calves and bull calves, respectively). The highest mean daily body weight gains in the whole rearing period were achieved by heifer calves born in winter (704 g) and bull calves born in spring (750 g). In the group of heifer calves and bull calves, statistically significant differences during the analysed rearing period were found (P≤0.01, P≤0.05). The highest percentage of ill calves was found in the autumn-winter season and the lowest one in spring and summer.
The aim of the study was to compare the milk performance, age of first calving and inter-calving interval in Holstein-Friesian black and whites imported from Sweden with domestic cows of the same breed. We also evaluated the process of birth of tested animals and body weight of newborn calves. Domestic cows were more productive and obtained better PFC (the difference between fat and protein content) and PFR values (protein to fat ratio) in both lactations. In the first lactation, animals from Poland were characterized by better average milk yield and average protein content whereas imported cows produced higher milk yields with higher fat content (P ≤ 0.01). In the second lactation Polish cattle achieved better results in terms of average yield of proteins and fat as well as protein and fat content when compared to Swedish cows (P ≤ 0.01 and P ≤ 0.05, respectively). Heifers imported from Sweden were younger at first calving (P ≤ 0.01) and required longer inter-calving intervals. Regardless of country of origin, births were not problematic, without any complications, and calves were of similar weight.
The aim of this study was the comparison of yield, composition and quality of cow milk depending on twice-a-day and four-times-a-day milking. The research was performed on Polish Holstein-Friesian cows of Black-and-White. It was found that milking frequency affected milk yield and composition. A higher daily milk yield was observed in winter, spring and summer for the four-times-a-day milking. Significant differences (P ≤ 0.01) were recorded in spring and summer. Somatic cell count in milk was found to be the highest in autumn in both compared groups. The differences between groups were significant (P ≤ 0.01). Is still necessary to have a real improvement quality of milk by following the appropriate procedures for its acquisition thereby enable the production of high-quality material.
The aim of the study was to compare RedAngus and Hereford primiparous cows based on the age at first calving and body weight as well as to compare some indices of fertility, lactation yield and selected zoometrical measurements. The research was conducted on the farm located in theWest Pomerania Province. The age at first calving (AFC) and the variability of body weight were similar for both breeds. The primiparous Hereford cows were characterized by significantly (P ≤ 0.01) higher estimated lactation yield (2054.9 kg) compared with primiparous Angus cows (1992.8 kg) and significantly (P ≤ 0.01) higher values of zoometrical parameters: hip height (suitably: 135.5 cm i 132.5 cm) and chest girth (suitably: 197.0 cm and 191.6 cm).
The aim of this study was to determine the effect of the origin of Holstein-Friesian cows on the yield, concentration of protein fraction components and selected technological parameters of cow’s milk. The fifty Holstein-Friesian cows from Poland, Sweden and Germany were involved in the experiment. The analysis of milk, protein and fat yield showed advantage of cows from Poland over those imported from Sweden and Germany. On the other hand, the most advantageous protein/fat ratio was found in the milk of Swedish cows. The analysis of the selected technological parameters of milk including the country of origin of cows revealed that the milk from Polish cows was characterized by a higher content of casein, dry matter and solids-not-fat than imported cows. The highest concentration of β-lactoglobulin and bovine albumin serum was observed in the milk of Swedish cows, whereas the milk from Polish cows was characterized by the highest level of α-lactoalbumin, lactoferrin and lactoperoxidase. The results of this study show that only the introduction of animals with high genetic potential can bring financial benefits expected from the sale of raw milk. Origin of animals plays an important role in determining of whey protein fraction and technological usefulness of milk.
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