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The aim of the study was the analysis of the condition of goat breeding and husbandry in the Kujawy-Pomerania Province and in country. The results concerning milk and reproduction performance of goats from this region can be used for working out a regional breeding programme. The following was taken into account in this study: the number ofWhite and Coloured Improved goats covered by the performance recording, number of goats entered in the flockbooks, milk performance results for the Kujawy-Pomerania Province as well as for Poland for the years 1996–2009, using the information published by the Central Animal Breeding Station and the documentation of the RegionalAssociation of Sheep and Goats Breeders in Bydgoszcz. The number of flocks of White Improved goats covered by the performance recording in our country decreased from 170 in 1996 to 0 in 2009. A similar downward tendency was observed for the number of goats under milk recording. In the Kujawy-Pomerania Province, the number of goats under milk recording increased from 45 in 1996 to 289 in 2007, and fell to zero from 2008. Analysing the population of Coloured Improved goats, it turned out that, on average, in the whole country, the number of flocks of this breed increased from 17 in 1997 to 23 in 2004, and then decreased to 1 flock in 2009. Similarly, the number of goats under milk recording increased from 175 in 1997 to 917 in 2004 and then fell to 22 in 2009. In the analysed period, the extension of lactations, increased yields of milk, fat and protein and similar contents of these components in milk were found inWhite and Coloured Improved goats.
The objective of our research was to establish differences in fatty acid profiles of fat in the muscle tissue and selected edible organs (liver, heart) of conventionally bred Polish Merino lambs. The importance of this research stems from the fact that the sheep products under analysis are considered to be functional food. Our research material consisted of 20 Polish Merino lambs from a conventional herd. Ram lambs were slaughtered at the age of 100 days (at weaning), when they weighed 26-28 kg. The fatty acid content was determined in the longissimus dorsi muscle, leg, liver and heart, by the Röse-Gottlieb method, according to AOAC 905.02, with a Hewlett-Packard 6890 gas chromatograph. Analysing the fatty acid profiles of lamb muscles and offal, we found that the general content of saturated fatty acids (SFA) was the lowest in the heart (48.36%), significantly higher in the liver (58.37%), longissimus dorsi muscle (57.25%), and adductor femoris (56.17%). Unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs) constituted 51.64% of total acids in the heart, where their content was higher than in the liver, in the sirloin and in the leg by 10.01 percentage points (pp) 7.89 pp and 7.81 pp respectively. The differences were confirmed statistically. An increased percentage of unsaturated acids contributed to better ratios of UFA/SFA and PUFA/SFA, which amounted, respectively, to 1.07 and 0.43 for the heart, and to less than 1.00 and 0.30 for the other tissues, testifying to a high nutritional value of the heart. A comparative analysis of the results has shown that, from the nutritional point of view, the most favourable fatty acid composition - that is, the lowest content of saturated fatty acids and the highest of unsaturated fatty acids - as well as a favourable UFA/SFA ratio, was found in the heart, followed by muscles and the liver. We can conclude that meat and offal from conventionally bred lambs, fed on the mother’s milk and the farmer’s own crops, without genetic modifications qualify as wholesome products with high nutritional and health value.
Atotal of 203White Improved goats from a farm in Rożnów (Kujawsko-Pomorskie province) were investigated in 2007–2009. The study attempted to simplify the current goat milk recording scheme and make it more accurate by shortening of the evaluation time and finding optimumlactationmonths for recording. In order to reach this aim, coefficients of phenotypic correlation were calculated using the multiple regression method between the yield and basic composition of milk over a 90- and/or 150-day lactation and the same traits for a full lactation taking into account the lactation number. The lactation length inWhite Improved goats varied according to the lactation from 228 days (1st lactation) to 303 days (3rd lactation), with the daily milk yield from1.90 kg to 2.60 kg. and the fat content of 3.10–3.30%and protein content of 2.80–2.90%. High and significant coefficients of phenotypic correlation between milk yield and composition over the 90- and 150-day lactation and the same traits over a whole lactation prove that every variant of the shortened recording may serve as a basis for the evaluation of goats before the lactation ends. Slightly higher coefficients of correlation (mostly above 0.900) found for the 5-month compared to the 3-month recording show that the evaluation encompassing four controlmilkings over a whole lactation ismore accurate. However, the 3-month recording during summer months is economically more beneficial. Shortening the frequency of controlmilkings followed by the reduction of costs will enable a greater number of goat herds to be recorded, which is of considerable importance to the efficiency of the breeding programme.
Our study was based on the following data provided by the Central Statistical Office and the Polish Goats Breeders Association for the years 2000–2011: the total of all goats in Poland, including the Alpine and Saanen breeds; the number of goats under performance evaluation; milk and reproductive performance results. To determine developmental directions of the traits in the analysed period, we used the trend method; and to calculate the trends, we used a first degree linear function. Among the Polish goats evaluated in 2011, the most numerous is the Boer breed (meat), which constitutes 45.87% of the total; whereas among milk breeds, the most popular are the White Improved (14.95%), Coloured Improved (9.79%), Saanen (6.19%) and Alpine (4.64%). Reproductive performance for the Alpine goats was 83.5% to 100%, and for the Saanen goats 73.3% to 100%; whereas prolificacy was respectively 139.6% to 193.3%, and 126.1% to 213.1%. Analysing trend lines of milk performance traits in the examined goats in the years 2000–2011, we observed an extension of the milking period by approx. 2.5 days per year, as well as an increase of milk yield per lactation by approx 1.7 kg (Alpine breed) and approx. 1.6 kg (Saanen breed), fat yield by approx 0.5 kg and approx 0.9 kg, and protein yield by approx 0.4 kg and 0.5 kg per year. All milk from evaluated goats had similar fat and protein content.
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