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Influence of organic, integrated and conventional systems on NPK and protein concentration in grain of winter wheat and spring barley was the aim of the research. Nitrogen and protein content in grain of winter wheat and spring barley in the organic system was smaller by 10-15% than those in conventional and integrated systems. Protein concentration in winter wheat grain from the organic system did not meet the trade standard (min. 11.5%). All systems did not differentiate phosphorus concentration in grain of both cereals. Grain of winter wheat from the organic system contained about 10% more potassium than the grain from two other systems.
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Different methods used to evaluate the nutrition status of crops are described in the paper. Actually two groups of methods are distinguished: visual and chemical ones. The last ones include direct and indirect methods. Until now direct methods have had a dominant position. However, actually indirect methods become more and more popular mainly owing to their non-desfructive character and quick results they give. SPAD test based on measuring of chlorophyll contents is a good example of such a method.
Ecosystem services have become a top research issue in ecology, economy, environment management, and policy. One of the important ecosystem services is biodiversity. Agricultural biodiversity ensures very important functions, such as: pollination, biological crop protection, maintenance of proper structure and fertility of soil, protection against erosion, nutrient cycling, control of water flow. The aim of the paper was the assessment of the influence of different agricultural systems on biodiversity using various indicators. The study showed that organic system was more conducive in maintaining biodiversity of flora, earthworms and ground invertebrates than conventional and integrated system. Developing of organic system may increase the level of different ecosystem services necessary for human (pollination, soil structure, biological control, cultural values, human health). Cultivation of perennial energy crops: willow and miscanthus negatively influenced earthworms abundance which may affects the productive and retention functions of soil.
Subject and purpose of work: Monitoring of biological diversity within the areas of natural value is targeted at assessment of the impact of the applied agricultural practices on the natural environment. The aim of the research was to compare species diversity and abundance of segmental plants occurring in winter cereals grown in the selected ecological farms and conventional farms in the Lubelskie voivodeship. Materials and methods: Monitoring research were conducted between 2012-2014 in 28 farms (14 ecological and 14 traditional) on fields with cereal crops. Species composition and volume of habitats of weeds was defined as well as diversity indicators of Shannon-Wienner and Simpson were indicated. Results and conclusions: Research indicated that diversity of segmental flora which accompanies cereal was larger in ecological farms than in the traditional ones. The total of 149 species of weeks were marked; 107 taxa were common for both farming systems, 26 were characteristic for ecological system while 16 for the traditional farming. It was noted that the significantly larger number of species present in the field and the volume of weed per area unit was present in ecological farming. Both within the traditional farming system and the ecological one more monocotyledons than dicotyledonous species were found. The assessment of flora diversity via Shannon-Weinner and Simpson indicators indicated larger species diversity in fields of arable crops in ecological system than the conventional one, however, no significant dominance of one or more species of weeds was noted in case of either of the systems.
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