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Preliminary observations of the behaviour in two wild equids : Przewalski horse (Equus ferus przewalskii) and Hartmann`s zebra (Equus zebra hartmannae) kept in socially changed groups at Warsaw Zoo Investigations were carried out at Warsaw Zoo to examine general behaviour in two wild equids after social changes. This changes were caused by management procedures. Three Hartmann`s zebra and four Przewalski horses were observed for 117 hours throughout the whole year. Three methods of sampling were used: ad libitum, scan and focal. Abnormal behaviour in these wild equids was not found. There were several significant differences in frequency of behaviour between Przewalski horse and Hartmann`s zebra . In both species coordination of behaviour also occured. Social interaction frequency was very low and gave little support for the speculation about social structures in these groups.
Long-term selection for body weight, which affecting changes in life span and time of puberty, has resulted different reproductive strategy in mice divergently selected for body weight at the 21st day of age. Heavy mice (C) are typically rapidly maturing animals, with a shorter but more intense reproductive period. Light mice (L) are more long-lived so that mature later than C mice, Due to the longer period of reproduction L mice are capable of more litters, which are also less numerous. Moreover, long-term selection may changes of mice. L mice showed lower activity in the open field test. Light mice are more susceptible to stress, and they have higher excitability, than heavy mice.
Breeding of (outbred) selective lines of laboratory mouse was initiated in Warsaw University of Life Sciences about 40 years ago. It bred Heavy (C) and Light (L) mice selected opposite for body weight at weaning (21st day of life), S mice line selected for higher testes weight, and control (K) mice without selection. All lines have identical genetic background, but different directions of selections caused diversification of specific phe-notypic traits between them. The purpose of this study was to compare semen quantity and quality parameters in outbred C, K, L and S male mice in the context of measurements of average body and testes weight for each line. Research materials were seminal fluids squeezed out of the vas deferens from 20 outbred C, K, L and S male mice (5 males per group). Animals had been euthanized, and necropsy was performed. Body and testes weight was measured. Also sperm concentration, viability (by Eosin test), cytoplasmic membrane integrity degree (HOS test), sperm head morphology and maturity were estimated. It was shown that S male mice, which have much higher testes weight, also have a significant increase of viable spermatozoa according to control line. Moreover, sperm concentration from S males is at least two times higher than in other selective lines.
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