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1

The effects of serotonin, dopamine, octopamine and tyramine on behavior of workers of the ant Formica polyctena during dyadic aggression tests

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Szczuka A., Korczynska J., Wnuk A., Symonowicz B., Gonzalez-Szwacka A., Mazurkiewicz P., Kostowski W., Godzinska E. J.
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis
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2013
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tom 73
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nr 4
We investigated the effect of injections of four biogenic amines (serotonin, dopamine, octopamine and tyramine) on behavior patterns displayed by workers of the red wood ant Formica polyctena during dyadic confrontations with four types of opponents: a nestmate, an alien conspecific, an allospecific ant (Formica fusca), and a potential prey, a nymph of the house cricket (Acheta domesticus). Significant effects of biogenic amine administration were observed almost exclusively in the case of confrontations with allospecific opponents. Serotonin treatment exerted stimulatory effects on behavior patterns involving physical aggression (biting accompanied by gaster flexing, dragging and formic acid spraying), but these effects were relatively weak and/or documented by indirect evidence. Dopamine administration exerted a stimulatory effect on open-mandible threats directed by F. polyctena to F. fusca and to cricket nymphs, and on biting behavior directed to cricket nymphs. Surprisingly, octopamine treatment did not exert significant effects on aggressive behavior of the tested ants. Tyramine administration exerted a suppressing effect on threatening behavior directed to F. fusca, but led to shortening of the latencies to the first open-mandible threat during the tests with cricket nymphs. Biogenic amine administration also influenced non-aggressive behavior of the tested ants. Our findings confirmed the role of serotonin and dopamine in the mediation of ant aggressive behavior and documented for the first time significant effects of tyramine treatment on ant aggressive behavior. We also demonstrated that not only specific patterns of ant aggressive behavior, but also behavioral effects of biogenic amine treatments are as a rule strongly context-dependent.
2

Brain GABA levels in workers from two ant subfamilies: inter-specific differences and effects of queen presence/absence

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Wnuk A., Kostowski W., Korczynska J., Szczuka A., Symonowicz B., Bienkowski P., Mierzejewski P., Godzinska E. J.
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis
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2011
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tom 71
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nr S
Gamma-butyric acid (GABA), a classical amino acid neurotransmitter, is implicated in the mediation of aggressive behaviour in both vertebrates and invertebrates including social insects. In social Hymenoptera queen absence usually has a suppressing effect on worker aggressiveness and may induce modifications of biogenic amine levels in worker brains. Effects of queen presence/ absence on worker brain levels of classical amino acid neurotransmitters were so far unexplored. To investigate that question and to elucidate the possible role of GABA in the mediation of ant aggressive behaviour we carried out HPLC measurements of GABA contents in individual brains of workers of two ant species, Formica polyctena (subfamily Formicinae) and Myrmica ruginodis (subfamily Myrmicinae) reared in queenright or queenless colony fragments. Immediately before killing the ants (only foragers) were tested in dyadic aggression tests consisting of an encounter with a nestmate, an alien conspecific, or a small larva of the house cricket (Acheta domesticus). In spite of significantly smaller brain weight of workers of M. ruginodis, worker brain GABA levels were significantly higher in M. ruginodis than in F. polyctena. Queen absence was associated with significantly increased brain GABA levels in F. polyctena, but not in M. ruginodis. Brain GABA levels of the tested ants did not depend on the type of the aggression test, and no significant interaction was discovered between the aggression test type and queen presence/ absence. We demonstrate for the first time that queen presence/ absence may influence not only biogenic amine levels, but also levels of classical amino acid neurotransmitters in ant worker brains. Our data also imply that not only brain levels of classical neurotransmitters, but also modifications of these levels induced by changes of social context (queen removal) may significantly differ between various ant phyla.
3

The effect of biogenic amines serotonin, dopamine, octopamine and tyramine on aggressive behaviour of workers of the red wood ant Formica polyctena

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Szczuka A., Wnuk A., Korczynska I., Symonowicz B., Gonzalez Szwacka A., Mazurkiewicz P., Francikowski J., Mirecka A., Kostowski W., Godzinska E. J.
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis
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2009
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tom 69
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nr 3
We investigated the effect of abdominal injections of 4 biogenic amines – serotonin (5-HT), dopamine (DA), octopamine (OA) and tyramine (TA) – on behaviour of workers of the red wood ant Formica polyctena in 4 types of aggression tests. The ants were observed during a 10 min encounter with a nestmate, a conspecifi c ant from an alien colony, a worker of another ant species (Formica fusca), and a small larva of the house cricket (Acheta domesticus). DA administration had the most important effect on ant aggressive behaviour. DA injections exerted a stimulatory effect on threats directed to F. fusca and to larvae of A. domesticus and on biting behaviour directed to larvae of A. domesticus. TA suppressed the frequency and the duration of biting behaviour directed to these larvae, although that effect was signifi cant only when the effects of TA were compared with those of DA and 5-HT. TA also reduced self-grooming behaviour, but only in tests with alien conspecifi cs. Other effects of biogenic amine administration included a stimulatory effect of OA on other active behaviour displayed by the ants during the tests with A. domesticus, inhibitory effects of 5-HT, OA and TA on allogrooming of a nestmate, and lenghtening of the latency to the fi rst antennal contact with a nestmate observed in TA and 5-HT-treated ants. The most important effects of biogenic amine administration were observed in the case of interactions of the ants with crickets. Support: grant MNiSW N N303 3075 33.
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