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α-Mannosidase (EC 3.2.1.24) was purified from ‘Iseimo’, a native variety of Dioscorea opposita Thunb. Before purification, we investigated the composition of a viscous polysaccharide that interferes with column chromatography procedures. The polysaccharide consisted mainly of mannose, and also contained uronic acid. We used the cationic detergent cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) to remove the polysaccharide. CPC treatment decreased viscosity without affecting α-mannosidase activity. We purified α-mannosidase 2,650-fold. The optimal pH of the enzyme was 6.0 and the optimum temperature was 65℃. The Km value for p-nitrophenyl-α-D-mannopyranoside was 0.35 ± 0.03 mM. Activity was inhibited by swainsonine but not kifunensine. The enzyme cleaved α-1,2 linkages preferentially to α-1,6 and α-1,3 linkages. The Mr of purified α-mannosidase was estimated to be 250–260 kDa by gel filtration and native-PAGE. Four polypeptides (86, 83, 80, and 28 kDa) were detected by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. It is unclear whether the polypeptides are encoded by one gene or multiple genes. However, N-terminal sequence analysis suggested that post-translational cleavage and/or glycosylation resulted in the three large fragments, if these amino acids were encoded by the same gene. Homology searches and characterization of the enzyme’s properties indicated that Iseimo α-mannosidase belongs to the glycoside hydrolase family 38 proteins, and to the Class II mannosidase group.
Rice is one of the most important crops around the world. The cold temperature as a major abiotic stress occurs frequently affecting rice growth and final plant yield. Chitooligosaccharide (COS) has been reported as an elicitor of plant immunity that can improve plant seedling tolerance to cold stress. However, the mechanisms on the enhanced cold tolerance is unclear. Here, we report that the rice seedlings treated by COS demonstrated good cold tolerance with promoted root vigor and plant growth. COS could increase contents of proline and glutamate in the seedlings. Moreover, expression analysis revealed COS significantly induced the transcripts of the key genes associated with the glutamate and proline biosynthesis pathway during cold stress. These results indicate that COS enhanced seedling growth and cold tolerance in rice may be caused by the osmotic regulation through the accumulations of glutamate and proline to provide significant osmo-protection.
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