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The morphogenesis of the digestive tract and swim bladder of ide Leuciscus idus (L.) was analyzed using histopathological methods. At the moment of hatching, ide larvae are more advanced in their development than the larvae of other teleost fish species. Endo-exogenous nutrition began on day 2 post hatch. At this stage of development, the intestine was lined with a single-layered cylindrical epithelium, and both liver and pancreas began to function. Signs of digestion and enterocyte protein and lipid absorption were observed on day 6 of development. The mucus cells in the mouth, esophagus and gullet produced neutral and acidic mucins. Intestinal cuboid cells appeared on the fourth day and only began secreting acidic carboxyl and sulfate mucins. The differentiation of the air duct and the posterior chamber of the swim bladder was observed on the day of hatching, and the bladder inflated after 24 hours. The anterior chamber began to form on day 9, and it inflated with gas between days 23 and 25 of larval development.
The aim of present study was to evaluate the effects of five experimental starters on the growth rate, survival, development, and morphological changes in the digestive systems of common carp, Cyprinus carpio L., larvae reared under controlled conditions. The starters tested were based on fish hydrolysate and blood meal (diets K, KL, and KLP), fish meal and blood meal (diet KR), and fish meal, blood meal, and fish hydrolysate (diet KHR). Starters KL and KLP were supplemented with intestine lyophilisate obtained from market-sized carp (as a source of digestive enzymes) while a probiotic (mixture of lyophilized lactic acid bacteria) was added to starter KLP. Start-feeding common carp larvae of an average body mass of 2.32 mg and total length (LT) of 6.58 mm were used for the test. The stocking density per tank (volume of 20 dm3) was 100 fish. After 14 days of feeding, the highest average survival (62.9%) was obtained on the KLP diet, while the lowest (11%) was noted on the KR feed. The body total length of carp larvae ranged from 7.83 mm (KR diet) to 8.77 mm (KL diet). In the K, KL, and KLP groups, the final body mass of carp larvae was 48-49 mg, while in the KR and KHR it was 22 mg. Normal digestive tract development was observed in the carp fed the KL and KLP diets.
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