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The purpose of this research was to monitor changes in the Carabidae communities occurring in apple orchards running under different production systems, and to determine the effect of plant protection measures on the beetle populations. The observations were carried out in north‐eastern Poland, in the orchard according to the Integrated Fruit Production (IFP) rules (Łęgajny) and in the extensively managed orchard (Zielonka). It was stated that Carabidae assemblages in the IFP orchard were characterized by a higher species richness, abundance and a higher values of the indices of species diversity H’ and evenness J’ comparing to the ones occurring in the extensive orchard. This was most probably a consequence of the two different ways of grass cultivations in the both orchards and strong human presssure in the extensive orchard. In the IFP orchard, open‐area and eurytopic species occurred in a large number. These were species feeding with mixed and plant food, and prefering moderately moist or dry habitats. In the extensive orchard, large and medium zoophages which belonged to peat and forest species were often recorded. Among the pesticides used in both orchards, herbicides negatively affected catchability of Carabidae.
In 2009–2010, the major species pollinating winter oilseed rape Brassica napus L. growing in the microregion of Olsztyn was the honeybee Apis mellifera L., occurring in small numbers. Likewise, not numerous bumblebee Bombus Latr. and solitary bees of the family Andrenidae, played a complementary role. The set of pollinators reaching 3986–7798 indiv./ha of „bee convertion factor” should be considered as highly insufficient for good pollination of winter oilseed rape plantations.
The study was carried out in 2006, in Tomaszkowo near Olsztyn, north-eastern Poland. It comprised two small water ponds: A – in a forest, and B – in a field. Carabid beetles were caught into Barber’s traps from May to October 2006. In total, 1408 individuals belonging to Carabidae were captured: 629 individuals representing 47 species around the forest pond and 779 individuals representing 56 species around the field pond. It has been concluded that small water bodies, which improve water relations in the landscape, can considerably influence the increased diversity of Carabidae, as well as stimulate the presence of rare and valuable stenobiotic species.
A study was conducted in 2003–2005 on a plantation of shrub willow grown as energy crop. An assemblage of predatory and parasitic insects dwelling on the plantation was diverse and abundant compared to other assemblages of this type on other agricultural crops. It comprised mainly the soldier beetles, Cantharidae, and hoverflies, Syrphidae, with the eudominant species such as Cantharis fusca L. and the marmalade hoverfly Syrphus (Episyrphus) balteatus Deg., as well as the common flower bug Anthocoris nemorum L., the lacewing fly Chrysopa vulgaris or a braconid wasp Apanteles glomeratus. These species are clearly an important element in the defence mechanism of the environment against phytofagous insect species whose foraging behaviour is connected with the willow. By comparing the determined number of taxa found in the willow plantation with the data given in references on assemblages of useful fauna in similar habitats like field tree groups, the latter can be seen as more favourable.
A study was carried out to determine the effect of barley grain used for different purposes (malt or fodder production) on the development of the lesser grain borer (Rhyzopertha dominica F.). The development of the pest insect was investigated on the grain of barley cultivars belonged to two different utilization types. The grain from cultivars used in the brewery industry (Presige, Sebastian, Żeglarz, Stratus, Philadelphia, Blask, Mauritia, Bolina and Class) and from fodder cultivars (Frontier, Orthega, Antek, Justina, Widawa, Tocada). The results revealed that both fodder and malt barley grain provided a suitable habitat for the development of the lesser grain borer. Differences in the number of offspring growing on the grain of either types of barley cultivars proved to be non-significant. However, it was shown that the lesser grain borer produced much more dust and caused larger grain mass loss when foraging on malt cultivars. Among the malt cultivars, cultivar Mauritia was the most resistant one to foraging by R. dominica. Out of the fodder cultivars, grain produced by the cultivar Tocada was the least damaged. There was a positive correlation between the number of the lesser grain borer’s offspring imagines and the mass of dust as well as loss of grain mass. It was found that an increase in the number of imagines was more strongly correlated with the grain mass loss than with the mass of produced dust.
The paper presents some data on assemblages of ground beetles caught in two cut meadows surrounded by forest. Those two study objects differed in the soil moisture content. The observations were conducted near Olsztyn (UTM: DE65) in 2004. During the research project 372 Carabidae individuals representing 40 species were caught.
The present study consisted of an evaluation of assemblages of epigeic carabid beetles (Col. Carabidae) colonizing hydrogenic soils (bog and post-bog ones), different in the soil development degree. The observations were conducted on a drained, low bog area called Stary Dwór, which today is used as a cut meadow. This is an oblong depression, filled in with (partly mucky) rush peats and situated in the sandur landscape. It lies in the mesoregion called Pojezierze Olsztyńskie (Olsztyn Lake District) near Olsztyn (UTM DE 65), about 3 km of the southern borders of the town. The field observations for determination of the soil type were conducted using soil catenas. A transect was established, which cut across different types and sub-types of bog and post-bog soils. In this paper, the authors have attempted to answer the question whether the sequence of hydrogenic soils and some parameters chosen to describe them have any influence on assemblages of epigeic carabid beetles dwelling in such habitats. Based on the results, it has been concluded that the soils present in the analyzed peat bog were characterized by the following sequence: muckous soils → peat-muck soils → peat soils. Their properties depended on the position in the soil relief, advancement of muck formation and content of organic carbon. It has been found out that the highest soil ash content in the surface horizons was in muckous soil (90.39%), and the lowest – in profile 3 of peat-muck soil (18.77%). The reaction of the analyzed soils ranged from slightly acidic to neutral and tended to decrease towards the centre of the depression, reaching the lowest value in peat soil. During the two years of our observations, a total of 673 individuals of Carabidae belonging to 29 species were captured. It has been determined that the type of soil as a factor significantly affected the number of captured carabid beetles, but did not influence the species abundance. The decreasing pH gradient as well as an increasing content of organic C were associated with a decreasing number of the species of carabid beeetles tolerant to moisture conditions (mesophilous species), which were being replaced by hygrophilous individuals. As the acidic reaction of soil increased and the soil content of organic matter rose, so did the abundance of mixophagous species at the expense of predatory individuals.
Od wielu lat prowadzone są badania (projekt Globenet) mające na celu ocenę wpływu urbanizacji na bioróżnorodność przy wykorzystaniu jednej grupy bezkręgowców, jakimi są biegaczowate (Col., Carabidae). Celem prowadzonych badań było poznanie struktury zgrupowań naziemnych Carabidae zasiedlających naturalne zadrzewienia śródmiejskie różniące się między sobą wpływem czynni­ków antropogenicznych. Badania prowadzono w Polsce północno-wschodniej w granicach administracyjnych miasta Olsztyna (UTM-DE 65) w latach 2004-2006 do zmodyfikowanych pułapek glebowych typu Barbera. Na podstawie przeprowadzonych badań stwierdzono, że skład gatunkowy i liczebność biegaczo-watych badanych zadrzewień miejskich różnił się w kolejnych latach badań. W zadrzewieniach miejskich w grupie gatunków eudominujacych i superdominujących znalazły się przede wszystkim gatunki charakterystyczne dla terenów otwartych oraz eurytopowe, którym towarzyszył hylofil (N. brevicollis), spotykany również często na terenach otwartych. Badane zadrzewienia znajdowały się pod silnym oddziaływaniem czynników środowiskowych, czego wyrazem był niski udział gatunków leśnych oraz zdecydowana dominacja kilku gatunków (C. fuscipes, N. brevicollis, С. nemoralis i H. rufipes). Spośród badanych zmiennych środowiskowych największy wpływ na kształt zgrupowań Carabidae miała antropopresja oraz obecność obszarów okresowo podmokłych.
The aphid fauna obtaiend from hazelnut shrubs consisted of 7 species, dominated by the filbert aphid Myzocallis coryli Goetze. The hazelnut aphid (Corylobium avellanae Schrk.) appeared in small counts during the second year of the study. The other species of identified aphids were winged forms, which appeared incidentaly on the monitored hazelnut trees. The highest number of the filbert aphid was observed in the third decade of June. Individuals belonging to this taxon did not pose a severe threat to the population of hazelnut shrubs. The individuals of this aphid species obviously preferred hazelnut trees of the cultivar Halle. The study also revealed that the assemblage of phytophagous insect populating the analzyed plantation was not stable and needed to be monitored.
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