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W ostatnich latach nastąpił dynamiczny rozwój technologii komputerowych dając nam nowe możliwości cyfrowego opisu rzeczywistości wokół nas. Komputerowa analiza atrybutów działek może być bardzo przydatna przy definiowaniu wskaźników będących podstawą planowania prac urządzeniowo-rolnych. Analizy te pomagają prawidłowo planować harmonijny rozwój krajobrazu oraz typować tereny pod różnego rodzaju inwestycje. Budowa nowoczesnych systemów wspomagających procesy decyzyjne, które gromadzą dane oraz monitorują zmiany otaczającej nas przestrzeni, przynosi wymierne korzyści ekonomiczne oraz korzystnie wpływa na prawidłowy rozwój przestrzeni wokół nas.
The paper presents an anatomical description of the ossified interclinoid ligament which was found in a male human skull. In the case studied the ossified ligament exists as a bony bridge between the anterior and posterior clinoid processes on the left side of the skull. The length of this connection was measured as 5.0 mm, while its thickness was 3.2 mm. We conjecture that the presence of a considerably thick bony trabecula within the sella region might have had an impact on the course of the internal carotid artery or the oculomotor nerve, causing compression of these structures.
Thermotolerant bacteria belonging to the Campylobacter genus are one of the most common etiological factors of human food-borne infections. The main cause of the human illness is the ingestion of undercooked poultry meat, and the microorganism most commonly isolated from patients is C. jejuni. Every year the number of confirmed cases of campylobacteriosis increases in both developing and developed countries. The acute form of the disease manifests itself with a headache, abdominal pains, vomiting and, in some cases, bloody diarrhea. Campylobacteriosis can lead to serious complications, including the Miller-Fisher syndrome or Reiter’s disease. The mechanism of infection is not yet fully understood, and therefore it is difficult to reduce the number of cases. The problems are related to high genetic variability among bacterial isolates. Several studies conducted in recent years are focused on clarifying the molecular basis of campylobacteriosis. The sequencing of the genome of C. jejuni NCTC 11168 and research conducted on Campylobacter mutants have made it possible to define specific markers playing a role in the virulence of these bacteria. A detailed understanding of the pathogenicity mechanisms of Campylobacter will make it possible to develop better methods of protection against the pathogen and more effective treatment methods. The present paper summarizes the results of recent research on the pathogenecity of Campylobacter, including a characterization of surface structures of bacterial cells (capsule and LOS) and their adaptability to the environment in which they exist, as well as the possibility of adhesion and penetration into the host’s intestinal epithelial cells. Flagella and proteins, such as PEB and CadF, play an important role as adhesions factors. Characteristic of Campylobacter is the process of N-linked glycosylation, which modifies about 30 proteins involved in the colonization, adhesion and invasion of epithelial cells. These bacteria produce two kinds of toxins, of which the best known is cytolethal distending toxin (CDT), which destroys the intestinal epithelium and thereby causes bloody diarrhea in humans.
The efficiency of pre-sowing conditioning/priming methods used to apply melatonin into seeds was verified: osmopriming in the case of dicot Cucumis sativus and hydropriming of monocot Zea mays seeds. Both priming techniques were selected experimentally as optimal for the studied plant species. Four different seed variants were compared: control non-treated ones, and seeds conditioned with water or with 50 or 500 lM melatonin water solutions. The HPLC–MS quantitative and qualitative analyses were used to determine the content of melatonin and of its potential metabolites in the seeds during 1 year following the conditioning. The control seeds and those conditioned with water contained small amount of endogenous melatonin in both species. However, the level of this indoleamine increased markedly in cucumber and corn seeds primed with exogenous melatonin and it was always correlated with the concentration of melatonin applied. It was noted that melatonin was metabolized during seed storage by its gradual oxidation, thus it protects dry seeds against oxidative stress, prevents potential injuries and significantly increases seeds quality. Interestingly, in the control and water-primed seeds, seasonal fluctuations of endogenous melatonin concentration were noted and significant increase in this indoleamine in the winter month was observed. This suggests that in seeds endogenous melatonin could play a crucial role in seasonal rhythms independently of environmental conditions.
Automated generation of information relevant to safety and quality issues of foods and their storage processes is one of the recent, fundamental problems of European agriculture and food industry. Moreover demand for such information result from legislation such as on European food and feed hygiene or Common Agricultural Policy as well as from global trading such as on requirements for food safety management systems (ISO 22000 incl. HACCP). This paper presents an approach for the development of a robust, cost-effective and user-friendly system for integrated monitoring of food production and storage parameters on the example of post harvest storage of grain. Integration of measuring equipment with multi-modal data transmission (such as GSM/GPRS, low power radio as well as satellite) as well as with industrial standard SCADA data processing stations gives possibility of real-time monitoring of food production and storage process. For ensuring availability of relevant information throughout the food chain, the implementation of interface standards such as agroXML is discussed. The approach would provide possibility for verifying food storage quality and reducing risk for citizens. Key elements for an integrated system’s approach, including concepts of novel sensors, are described in this paper. Moreover general guidelines for best practices of its application are presented.
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