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1

Indole acetic acid modulates changes in growth, chlorophyll a fluorescence and antioxidant potential of Trigonella foenum-graecum L. grown under cadmium stress

100%
Bashri G., Prasad S. M.
Acta Physiologiae Plantarum
|
2015
|
tom 37
|
nr 03
Indole acetic acid at low (IAAL, 10 lM) and high (IAAH, 100 lM) dose-induced responses on growth, chlorophyll a fluorescence and antioxidant potential of widely cultivated Trigonella foenum-graecum L. seedlings grown under cadmium (Cd1, 3 mg Cd Kg-1 soil and Cd2, 9 mg Cd Kg-1 soil) stress were investigated. Cadmium (Cd) at tested doses reduced the growth, pigment contents, photosynthetic (O2 evolution) and carbonic anhydrase (CA) activity which was accompanied with Cd accumulation in tissues. To quantify the performance of photosystem (PS) II, chlorophyll a fluorescence (JIP test) was analyzed and under Cd stress, the yield for primary photochemistry (uP0), yield of electron transport per trapped exciton (w0), quantum yield of electron transport (uE0) and performance index of PS II (PIABS) were decreased, while it induced significant rise in energy flux parameters. Foliar application of IAAL dose causes significant reduction in Cd accumulation and hence alleviated the toxic effects of Cd on these parameters appreciably; while at IAAH dose, Cd inducedeffects were further aggravated. Respiratory O2 uptake was increased progressively with rising concentration of Cd, while together with IAA, it showed reverse trend. Cd alone and together with IAAH enhanced the oxidative markers: O2•-, H2O2 and MDA contents despite of the significant increase in SOD and CAT activity; while with IAAL, these markers were declined significantly. Overall results suggest that application of IAAL reduced the Cd accumulation in tissues significantly; hence, increased activity of photosynthesis and antioxidant potential improved the growth performance of Trigonella seedlings grown under Cd stress.
2

Differential responses of pea seedlings to indole acetic acid under manganese toxicity

81%
Gangwar S., Singh V. P., Prasad S. M., Maurya J. N.
Acta Physiologiae Plantarum
|
2011
|
tom 33
|
nr 2
Present study showed the responses of pea seedlings to exogenous indole acetic acid (IAA; 10 and 100 µM) application under manganese (Mn; 50, 100 and 250 µM) toxicity. Manganese and 100 µM IAA alone as well as in combination decreased growth of pea seedlings compared to control. Moreover, some parameters of oxidative stress—hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were also increased by single and combined treatments of Mn and 100 µM IAA compared to control. In contrast, addition of 10 µM IAA together with Mn, alleviated Mn toxicity symptoms and promoted growth led to the decrease in H₂O₂ and MDA levels compared to Mn treatments alone. Under single and combined treatments of Mn and 100 µM IAA, catalase activity decreased while superoxide dismutase and ascorbate peroxidase activities increased and glutathione reductase and dehydroascorbate reductase exhibited differential responses. However, addition of 10 µM IAA together with Mn, increased activities of studied enzymatic antioxidants. Root and shoot reduced ascorbate (AA) and reduced glutathione (GSH) and, their reduced/oxidized ratios decreased while dehydroascorbate (DHA) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) contents increased compared to control following single and combined treatments of Mn and 100 µM IAA. However, supply of 10 µM IAA together with Mn, increased AA and GSH, and their reduced/oxidized ratios in root and shoot compared to Mn treatments alone. This study thus suggests that 10 µM of IAA was able to increase Mn tolerance in pea seedlings under Mn toxicity while opposite was noticed for 100 µM IAA.
3

Impact of low and high fluence rates of UV-B radiation on growth and oxidative stress in Phormidium foveolarum and Nostoc muscorum under copper toxicity: differential display of antioxidants system

81%
Singh V. P., Srivastava P. K., Prasad S. M.
Acta Physiologiae Plantarum
|
2012
|
tom 34
|
nr 6
In the present study, impact of low (UV-BL) and high (UV-BH) fluence rates of UV-B on growth, oxidative stress and antioxidant system was studied in two cyanobacteria i.e. Phormidium foveolarum and Nostoc muscorum under Cu (2 and 5 µM) toxicity after 24 and 72 h of experiments. UV-BH and Cu treatment decreased growth of both the cyanobacteria and Cu induced decrease in growth was accompanied by a significant increase in Cu accumulation. Levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), i.e. superoxide radicals (SOR; O₂⁻ ) and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) were significantly increased by Cu and UV-BH exposure which in turn accelerated lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde: MDA) and protein oxidation (reactive carbonyl groups: RCG). Activities of enzymatic antioxidants, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) were increased by both doses of Cu as well as UV-B. Conversely, Cu and UV-BH drastically decreased catalase (CAT) activity. After the commencement of 24 h of treatment with Cu alone and together with UV-BH, non-protein thiols (NP-SH) contents were decreased while after 72 h, a reverse trend was noticed. Unlike NP-SH, cysteine content decreased appreciably during the treatments. In contrast to this, low dose (UV-BL) of UV-B did not influence growth, SOR, H₂O₂, MDA and RCG contents. An improvement in CAT activity and NP-SH content was observed under Cu and UV-BL treatment; hence, UV-BL treatment resulted into certain degree of protection against Cu toxicity in both the organisms. Thus, the results showed that UV-BH and UVBL exerted differential effects on both the organisms under Cu toxicity, and compared to N. muscorum, P. foveolarum was less affected by Cu and UV-BH.
4

Regulation of plants metabolism in response to salt stress: an omics approach

81%
Singh M., Singh A., Prasad S. M., Singh R. K.
Acta Physiologiae Plantarum
|
2017
|
tom 39
|
nr 02
5

UV-B and cadmium induced changes in pigments, photosynthetic electron transport activity, antioxidant levels and antioxidative enzyme activities of Riccia sp.

80%
Prasad S. M., Dwivedi R., Zeeshan M., Singh R.
Acta Physiologiae Plantarum
|
2004
|
tom 26
|
nr 4
6

Synergistic action of indole acetic acid with homobrassinolide in easing the NaCl-induced toxicity in Solanum melongena L. seedlings

71%
Raju A. D., Parihar P., Singh R., Kumar J., Prasad S. M.
Acta Physiologiae Plantarum
|
2020
|
tom 42
|
nr 05
7

Light intensity determines the extent of mercury toxicity in the cyanobacterium Nostoc muscorum

71%
Singh R., Srivastava P. K., Singh V. P., Dubey G., Prasad S. M.
Acta Physiologiae Plantarum
|
2012
|
tom 34
|
nr 3
The extent of mercury (Hg) toxicity in the heterocystous cyanobacterium Nostoc muscorum grown for 72 h in three different light intensities was tested for various physiological parameters viz. growth, pigment contents, photosynthesis, respiration, reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde formation and antioxidants. A general reduction in growth and pigments, whole cell O₂- evolution, photosynthetic electron transport activities and ¹⁴CO₂-fixation was observed in a metal concentration–dependent manner, and this effect was more pronounced in high light (130 µmol photon m⁻² s⁻¹)–exposed cells as compared to low (10 µmol photon m⁻² s⁻¹) and normal (70 µmol photon m⁻² s⁻¹) light intensity–exposed cells; however, carotenoids and respiration showed reverse trend. Among photosynthetic electron transport activities, whole chain activity was found to be most sensitive in comparison with photosystem II (PS II) and photosystem I (PS I). Comparing the different photosynthetic processes, ¹⁴CO₂-fixation was most affected in cyanobacterial cells when exposed to Hg and different light intensities. After application of various exogenous electron donors, diphenyl carbazide was found to be more effective to restore PS II activity, suggesting that site of damage lies in between oxygen evolving complex and PS II. Level of oxidative stress (superoxide radical and lipid peroxidation) was maximum at 3.0 µM of Hg when coupled with high light intensity (except hydrogen peroxide). A dose-dependent increase in enzymatic antioxidants such as superoxide dismutase, peroxidase and catalase as well as non-enzymatic antioxidants such as proline, ascorbate, cysteine (except under high light intensity) and non-protein thiols [NP-SH] was observed, which further increased with the increase in light intensity. It was noticed that Hg intoxicates N. muscorum through ROS production, which is aggravated along with the increase in light intensity. Overall results suggest that the severity of the metal stress does increase with Hg concentrations but when coupled with light, it was the light intensity that determines the extent of Hg toxicity.
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