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1

Rabies epidemiological situation in Poland in 2009 and 2010

100%
Smreczak M., Orlowska A., Trebas P., Zmudzinski J. F.
Bulletin of the Veterinary Institute in Puławy
|
2012
|
tom 56
|
nr 2
The paper describes the data concerning rabies in domestic animals and in wildlife as well as in bats in Poland in 2009 and 2010. Analysis of rabies situation was based on species involved and geographical distribution of rabies outbreaks. Favourable decreasing trend in rabies epidemic in 2009 was stopped by the outbreak of rabies in the Malopolska province in 2010. This resulted in dramatic increase in the number of rabies cases. Emergency vaccination in the zone of rabies outbreak with increased number of vaccines per km² in bordering areas of the province has improved epizootic situation, which returned to the state before the outbreak. To monitor rabies situation a strict supervision of all elements of the ORV and surveillance of rabies is necessary.
2

Wscieklizna w Polsce w 2004 roku

100%
Smreczak M., Trebas P., Zmudzinski J. F.
Medycyna Weterynaryjna
|
2006
|
tom 62
|
nr 06
655-657
The paper describes the data concerning rabies in domestic and wildlife animals, including bats, in Poland in 2004. It analyses the distribution of rabies cases in individual animal species and the geographical distribution of rabies outbreaks. In 2004 131 rabies cases were diagnosed. Twenty three were recorded in domestic animals, 99 in wildlife and 9 were found in bats. The highest incidence of rabies was registered in the Wielkopolska voievodship (Western Poland). All cases recorded in the Masuria voievodship (Northern Poland) were noticed along the Russian and Lithuanian border. In the voievodship of Lublin (Eastern Poland) the incidence of rabies was distributed evenly throughout the area, while in the Subcarpathian province, along the Ukrainian border. In the Pomeranian voevodship (Northern Poland) all rabies cases were clustered in only one county (Kartuzy), which is characterized by a high percentage of forests and lakes. Epidemiological analysis shows that each year a significant decrease of diagnosed rabies cases is observed. This is the result of oral vaccination of red foxes against rabies, but the red fox is still the main reservoir of rabies for the other wildlife and domestic animals. Oral vaccination as a method of eradication of rabies should to be carried out in the next years. It is necessary to pay attention to the planning of oral vaccination campaigns, especially in the Wielkopolska voievodship. This means more baits per 1 km2 and around rabies outbreaks.
3

Wykrycie BBLV u nocka Natterera w Polsce

100%
Smreczak M., Orlowska A., Trebas P.
Medycyna Weterynaryjna
|
2020
|
tom 76
|
nr 02
Rabies is a zoonosis caused by RNA viruses belonging to the genus Lyssavirus, which includes 16 species. In Europe, the majority of rabies cases in bats are caused by European bat 1 lyssavirus (EBLV-1) associated mainly with serotine bats (Eptesicus serotinus and Eptesicus isabellinus). In 2010, Bokeloh bat lyssavirus (BBLV) was detected in Natterer’s bat (Myotis nattereri) in Germany and it was isolated several times in Germany and France in the following years. As required by the programme of passive rabies surveillance, the dead bat was sent to the laboratory and identified as Natterer’s bat on the basis of morphological criteria, which was confirmed by genetic identification using the sequencing of the cytochrome b gene. Brain tissue and salivary glands were collected for examination. In the brain, the direct immunofluorescence test revealed lyssavirus antigen. The presence of the infectious virus in brain tissue was confirmed by a tissue culture inoculation test. High levels of viral RNA were found in the brain and salivary glands. In order to determine the virus species, a complete genome sequence was obtained by next-generation sequencing of RNAs. The analysis of the full virus genome sequence confirmed the occurrence of BBLV in Poland and revealed that it showed the highest similarity (99.3%) to German isolates from Bavaria
4

Rabies outbreak in Malopolska region in Poland in 2010

100%
Orlowska A., Smreczak M., Trebas P., Zmudzinski J. F.
Bulletin of the Veterinary Institute in Puławy
|
2011
|
tom 55
|
nr 4
The paper describes a rabies outbreak in Małopolska voivodeship in 2010 after seven years without of rabies cases in this region, and a phylogenetic study of rabies isolates collected from this area with known variants of rabies virus circulating in Europe. The study excludes implication of rabies vaccine strain, used for oral vaccination of foxes, in the outbreak. The results of phylogenetic investigations revealed the highest similarity of Małopolska isolates to previously established North-Eastern European rabies virus group widely spread in Europe including Poland.
5

Wscieklizna w Polsce w 2005 roku

100%
Smreczak M., Trebas P., Zmudzinski J. F.
Medycyna Weterynaryjna
|
2007
|
tom 63
|
nr 05
541-544
The paper presents the data concerning rabies in domestic animals and in wildlife, as well as in bats, in Poland in 2005. The analysis of the rabies situation was based on species participation and geographical distribution of rabies outbreaks. In 2005 138 rabies cases were diagnosed. Thirty six were recorded in domestic animals, 98 in wildlife and 4 were found in bats. In comparing the number of rabies cases in two successive years, 2004 and 2005, a constant level of rabies cases in terrestrial animals can be noticed. But there was a geographical change in the occurrence of the highest number of rabies cases from Wielkopolskie to Masuria voivodeship (Northern Poland). Most of rabies cases in this region were clustered along the Russian (Kaliningrad Region) border. The data presented in this article has shown that the epizootic situation of rabies in Poland is under control and in the following years a decrease of rabies cases diagnosed in terrestrial animals can be expected. The fox is still the main reservoir of rabies therefore the oral vaccination as a method of eradication of rabies should be carried out during the course of the next years.
6

Zastosowanie real time PCR z uwzglednieniem przydatnosci w diagnostyce wscieklizny

100%
Orlowska A., Smreczak M., Trebas P., Zmudzinski J. F.
Medycyna Weterynaryjna
|
2008
|
tom 64
|
nr 11
1280-1282
In recent years a considerable improvement has been reported in the field of molecular biology. New molecular methods have replaced classic diagnostic techniques. Apart from pathogen detection, they also allow pathogen quantification in a relatively short time. For instance, real time PCR, thanks to using DNA-binding fluorophores or labelled oligonucleotide probes, allows the detection of virus and monitoring of each cycle of reaction. The use of complementary probes makes this method sensitive and specific. Real time PCR is widely applied, especially in microbiological and virological laboratories, also for rabies diagnostics. Additionally, it is an excellent tool in biomedical and molecular research. For example, it is used for relative and absolute quantification of gene expression and the identification of mutations that might be a key issue in some diseases. Recently, real time PCR seems to become a standard technique in many diagnostic laboratories.
7

Niebieski jezyk z bliska

100%
Smreczak M., Trebas P., Zmudzinski J. F.
Farmer
|
2010
|
nr 05.Dodatek Ferma
6-8
8

Wykorzystanie metody hemi-nested RT-PCR do roznicowania zakazen wywolanych klasycznym wirusem wscieklizny i EBLV 1 u zwierzat ladowych

100%
Smreczak M., Orlowska A., Trebas P., Zmudzinski J. F.
Medycyna Weterynaryjna
|
2008
|
tom 64
|
nr 03
314-317
Currently in the routine diagnosis of rabies three techniques are recommended: the florescent antibody test, mouse inoculation test and tissue culture inoculation test. Unfortunately these methods do not allow us to differentiate the classical rabies virus from an EBLV 1 infection in terrestrial animals. Such a possibility is provided by using hemi-nested RT-PCR with specific primers. Conditions of the hnRT-PCR method have been previously established. It makes it possible to detect genetic material both of lyssavirus genotypes as well as to establish a differentiation between genotypes. Application of the hnRT-PCR method for rabies discrimination between two genotypes allows for an easier and more reliable diagnosis of rabies in terrestrial animals.
9

Bluetongue - choroba niebieskiego jezyka

100%
Trebas P., Smreczak M., Zmudzinski J. F.
Medycyna Weterynaryjna
|
2004
|
tom 60
|
nr 06
567-569
10

Epizootiologia choroby niebieskiego jezyka

100%
Trebas P., Smreczak M., Orlowska A., Zmudzinski J. F.
Medycyna Weterynaryjna
|
2007
|
tom 63
|
nr 11
1273-1276
Bluetongue (BT) is a non-contagious, insect-transmitted, viral disease of domestic and wild ruminants. 24 serotypes of the virus have so far been recognized. BT virus is currently distributed between latitudes of approximately 500N and 350S but has tended to expand into the northern hemisphere. In the last few years the presence of bluetongue has been confirmed in many countries in the Mediterranean area, including Greece, Spain (Balearic islands, Southern Spain), Italy (Sicily, Sardinia), Portugal and France (Corsica) where conditions seem to favour the endemic persistence of the virus in these areas. However, culicoides midges, responsible for disease transmission, may also be found in other areas of the European Union during the warm season. Recently, the disease has been detected in the Netherlands, Belgium, Germany and France. By July-August, BT virus had not been reported in these countries, nor had serotype 8 been reported in Europe. Outbreaks of BT serotype 8 are a significant development in the epidemiology of the disease in the Europe.
11

Wscieklizna w Polsce w 2006 roku

100%
Smreczak M., Trebas P., Zmudzinski J. F.
Medycyna Weterynaryjna
|
2008
|
tom 64
|
nr 01
68-71
The paper describes data concerning rabies in domestic animals, wildlife and bats in Poland in 2006. It analyses the rabies situation based on species participation and geographical distribution of rabies outbreaks. 82 rabies cases were diagnosed in 2006. Nineteen were recorded in domestic animals, 59 in wildlife and 4 were found in bats. There was a notable decrease of rabies cases in terrestrial animals when comparing the number of rabies cases in two successive years - 2005 and 2006. But there was a change in the occurrence of the highest number of rabies cases from the Wielkopolska Voivodship to Masuria, Podlaska and Lubelska Voivodaships (Northern and Eastern Poland). Most rabies cases in these areas have clustered along the borders of neighboring countries (Russia - Kaliningrad Region, Lithuania, Byelorussia and Ukraine). The data presented in this article indicates that the epizootic situation of rabies in Poland is under control and a decrease of rabies cases diagnosed in terrestrial animals may be expected in future years. Fox is still the main reservoir of rabies and, therefore, oral vaccination as a method of eradicating rabies should be carried out over the coming years.
12

Comparison of real-time PCR and heminested RT-PCR methods in the detection of rabies virus infection in bats and terrestrial animals

100%
Orlowska A., Smreczak M., Trebas P., Zmudzinski J. F.
Bulletin of the Veterinary Institute in Puławy
|
2008
|
tom 52
|
nr 3
The aim of the paper was to compare the real-time PCR with the heminested RT-PCR method, both applied for the detection of nucleoprotein gene of rabies viruses in bats and terrestrial animals. The study involved 32 rabies virus isolates collected from bats and terrestrial animals coming from different regions of Poland. For both methods, the sensitivities related to TCID₅₀/mL of CVS virus were estimated. The comparison of the methods revealed that the TaqMan PCR was 10-fold more sensitive than the heminested RT-PCR and the detection of rabies virus by this method was possible from 0.1 TCID₅₀/mL on up. The use of the heminested RT-PCR allowed for detection of rabies virus from 1 TCID₅₀/mL on up. Next, the examination of 32 archive samples using both methods revealed 23 positive samples and nine negative samples. The agreement between the results obtained by the methods was 100%. It confirms using the real-time PCR and heminested RT-PCR in laboratory diagnosis of rabies in terrestrial animals and bats. However, the real-time PCR does not require visualisation of the amplification product in agarose gel and the results are observed during the run of the test, which makes the method more rapid than the heminested RT-PCR. Additionally, it is done in a single closed tube and does not require multiple transfer of materials like at the heminested RT-PCR, thus making the virus detection faster and minimising the opportunity for cross-contamination.
13

Application of heminested RT-PCR to the detection of EBLV1 and classical rabies virus infections in bats and terrestrial animals

100%
Smreczak M., Orlowska A., Trebas P., Zmudzinski J. F.
Bulletin of the Veterinary Institute in Puławy
|
2008
|
tom 52
|
nr 1
The paper describes application and optimisation of hnRT-PCR in the detection of the fragment of nucleoprotein gene of Lyssaviruses (genotypes 1 and 5) as a method for laboratory diagnosis of rabies in terrestrial animals and bats. The heminested RT-PCR, because of its sensitivity and rapidity, it may be used as a technique for rabies diagnosis. The method can be applied both in living animals as well as in the case of post mortem collected samples. It provides not only rapid detection of rabies virus but also gives the material for sequencing of the PCR products for final identification of origin of the strain and epidemiological analysis.
14

Diagnostic reliability of different RT-PCR protocols for the detection of bluetongue virus serotype 14 (BTV-14)

88%
Orlowska A., Zmudzinska J. F., Smreczak M., Trebas P., Marzec A.
Journal of Veterinary Research
|
2017
|
tom 61
|
nr 4
15

Wścieklizna w województwie podkarpackim w latach 2011-2012

88%
Ciolek J., Smreczak M., Trebas P., Orlowska A., Zmudzinski J. F.
Medycyna Weterynaryjna
|
2015
|
tom 71
|
nr 01
The paper describes data concerning rabies in wildlife and domestic animals in the Podkarpackie Voivodeship between 2011 and 2012. Oral immunization of foxes against rabies was introduced across the whole voivodeship in 2001. As a result, the number of cases of rabies decreased to two in 2009. In 2010, an increase in rabies cases was recorded in Poland, and in 2012, 257 cases were diagnosed, of which 213 in the Podkarpackie Voivodeship. The analysis of epizootic data indicates that one of the reasons for the spread of rabies was an insufficient number of vaccine doses distributed by hand in suburban and urban areas. The consequence of this situation was a lower herd immunity, which led to the spread of the virus in population. An increase in the density of fox population and the presence animals (dogs, cats, wild boars) competing with foxes in the uptake of vaccines were important contributing factors.
16
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Problemy z interpretacją wyników badań PCR i cELISA w kierunku wirusa choroby niebieskiego języka w obrocie wewnątrzwspólnotowym

76%
Zmudzinski J. F., Smreczak M., Orlowska A., Trebas P., Marzec A., Rola J.
Życie Weterynaryjne
|
2017
|
tom 92
|
nr 08
17

Status wybranych chorób wirusowych i BSE w populacji bydła w Polsce

64%
Zmudzinski J. F., Rola J., Polak M. P., Larska M., Smreczak M., Orlowska A., Trebas P., Kuta A., Kesik-Maliszewska J.
Lecznica Dużych Zwierząt. Ogólnopolski Kwartalnik dla Lekarzy Weterynarii
|
2015
|
tom 10
|
nr 2 Monografia
18

Mink SARS-CoV-2 infection in Poland – short communication

52%
Domanska-Blicharz K., Orlowska A., Smreczak M., Niemczuk K., Iwan E., Bomba A., Lisowska A., Opolska J., Trebas P., Potyralo P., Kawiak-Sadurska M., Rola J.
Journal of Veterinary Research
|
2021
|
tom 65
|
nr 1
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