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Trawy na grodziskach Wielkopolskich

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In the earthworks of the Wielkopolska region a wide spread of grasses and their significant role in creating of the whole communities can be observed. These historical objects being the remnants of primaeval and medieval settlements are frequent elements of the landscape in Wielkopolska. In the earthworks of Wielkopolska, Poaceate are the second family after Asteraceae as regards their number of species. They comprise 80 species and together with Asteraceae (89 species) they consist over 20% of the fora of earthworks. As regards a number of records indicating frequency of the occurrence of species from a given family, grasses with the result over 3400 records get ahead Asteracae and are without dispute a leader among other families. Most often grasses are found in grasslands, which were formed on embankments and cones of earthworks also in forests and different types of thickets. Grasses were observed most often on early- and late-medieval objects regarding chronology of rescarch sites. Refferring to hemeroby of habitat grasses grow in greater numher in mesohemerobic biotops. In relation to the resources the plants studied occur on the second level which means they covered to 50% of record area. Calamagrostis epigejos, Elymus repens. Poa protensis and Bromus inermis were generally noted whit the biggest resources ("3"). In comparison to the whole flora of the earthworks, among grasses there are more species in higher frequency classes i.e. frequent, very frequent and common ones. The share of moderately frequent species is nearly the same both compared groups. In the Poaceae family similarly as in the whole flora of earthworks dominate native species. Their share is nearly identical in the earthworks 77.4%, among grasses 76.3%. The significant differentiation in the composition of geographical-historical groups can be stated in respective groups of alien species. Among the grasses there are more archaeophytes (2.41% more) and ergasiophytes (1.3 % more) than kenophytes (2.4 %) less). Analysing spectrum of life-forms (Raunkiaer's gropus) in the grass family there were found only three main groups: hemicryptophytes, cryptophytes (geo- and hydrophytes) and therophytes. Dominate hemicryptophytes with 64% share. The number of species in sociological-ecological groups ranges form 2 to 22. In the flora of grasses the most numerous are the plants from the meadow, pasture and grassland communities (groups 3 and 4), together 33 species (over 40%). A very numerous group also are species from mesophilous forest communities and nitrophilous thickets (group 8) and from segetal (group 9) and ruderal (group 10) communities. Altogether, these three groups constitute ovcr 30% of the whole flora of grasses. Within the grasses growing in the earthworks legally protected species were not recorded and share of threatened taxa was rather little, only 2.5%. The species threatened in Wielkopolska and found or objects studied are only Bromus ramosus (category E – endangered), and Trisetum flavescens (V - vulnerable).
Vaccinium uliginosum L., as a species associated with raised bogs and marshy coniferous forests, belongs to rare and endangered species in Wielkopolska. This paper presents results of research on the resources and condition of the population of this species on the isolated site within the “Bagna” near Chlebowo in northern Wielkopolska (western Poland). The results indicate that this population is declining.
Paper gives two new localities of Botrychium matricariifolium and B. multifidum, species regarded as extinct in the Wielkopolska region. Both species were found in the vicinity of Kępno (ATPOL CE36). Botrychium matricariifolium was stated also at the outskirts of Poznań (ATPOL BD09).
This study presents information on a new to Poland synanthropic species - Aronia ×prunifolia (purple chokeberry).Purple chokeberry is cultivated worldwide as a fruit and decorative plant. In various regions of the world the process of its naturalisation outside the places of cultivation has been observed. In Europe, it is visible, among others, in Holland and Germany. In Poland, the first case was recorded in the "Bagna" bog complex near Chlebowo (Wielkopolska region). In this study, the distribution of Aronia ×prunifolia in Poland has been presented (square ATPOL BC67, BC68) as well as its spread and conditions of occurrence.
The genetic Variation of Reed Grass Calamagrostis arundinacea (L.) Roth was investigated in 25 populations in various geographic regions of Poland. A total of 907 individuals were sampled for electrophoretic analysis of peroxidase loci (11 allozymes). Populations were characterised by genetic parameters e.g. heterozygosity level, Wright's fixation index (F) and polymorphism coefficient (Pg). Mean values of interpopulation variability level (GST=0.0310), total genetic diversity (HT=0.4102) and gene flow between populations (Nm=7.805) were also examined. All the populations were polymorphic and they remain in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium.
Effects of examinations carried out on seven cemeteries in Ostrów Wlkp. and of its nearest surrounding (Southern Wielkopolska) were presented in this work. The flora of vascular plants and its anthropogenic transformation was the object of examinations. In this work among others the geographical-historical composition, spectrum of life forms and sociological-ecological groups were analysed. Among 228 watched species of vascular plants 15% almost constituted taxa running wild from cultivation. They are among others often found on other cemeteries of Central Europe namely Cerastium tomentosum, Dianthus barbatus, Viola × wittrockiana, Galan- thus nivalis and Sedum spurium.
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