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Fertilization of plants with ammonium nitrogen form leads to the soil acidification. Leguminous plants with higher requirements of basic cations, acidify soil quicker than other plants such as, e.g., of the Gramineae family. These relationships were confirmed in the pot experiments with broad bean and maize. In the present experiment the effect of fertilization with different nitrogen forms on yield and pH value of soil was investigated. It has been found that the application of ammonium sulphate with a nitrification inhibitor results in a significant increase of the pH value of soil under broad bean. It can be presumed that this effect would be caused by physiologically basic reaction of ammonium sulphate due to the blockade of nitrification and to a more intensive utilization of sulphur ions by broad bean as compared to ammonium ions.
The pot experiment investigated how the fertilizing value of superphosammonium (granulated mixture of ammonium sulphate and powdery superphosphate) changes compared with equivalent quantity of substrates. The evaluation of the fertilizer value was tested on acidic soil and soil limed with calcium carbonate according to single hydrolytic acidity. The plant used in the experiment was spring barley Diva cultivar. Test results show a considerable more advantageous influence of superphosammonium on the barley yield and quantity of nitrogen and phosphorus absorbed, compared with substrates from which it has been produced. This difference has been observed both in objects with and without lime. Stopping nitrification by N-Serve decreased the difference between the separately applied ammonium sulphate with powdery superphosphate and superphosammonium. The obtained results suggest, that the reason for better fertilizing action of superphosammonium is probably the decrease in the rate of nitrification of ammonium ions present in this fertilizer.
The changes in the seed yields of the improved forms of winter oilseed rape in the arrangement depended on periodical drought in the phase of start of budding to the flowering end (determined by the precipitation difference of 135 mm), nitrogen rates of 140 and 280 kg N/ha applied once a spring in the beginning of growth period, soil acidity in the upper soil layer amounting to pH KCl 6.4, 4.9 and 4.1 of the Mar, Panter, Bolko, Ceres and Liporta cultivars were investigated in the work. The experiment was carried out in soil containers of the surface of 0.126 m² and the height of 150 cm placed in the field and filled up with the soil profile consisting of loamy sand on medium loam with different acidity. The highest differences in yields were mainly caused by nitrogen fertilization, rainfall, cultivars and soil acidity. The highest yields were obtained on soil with pH 4.9. Reduction of rainfalls led to the significant enlargement of differences due to acidity. Those differences depended also on the nitrogen rate. At a lower rate they were not significant while at a highest one they considerably increased. The periodical drought caused a significant decrease in efficiency of the fertilizing nitrogen. As far as varieties were concerned, there were Mar and Panter cultivars which gave significantly higher yields than the others. The distinct changes in the number of lateral branches were caused by the nitrogen rate and rainfalls. The highest number of lateral branches was found in the Mar and Liporta cultivars. The seeds of the Mar variety had much lower TSW in comparison with the Panter, Bolko and Ceres cultivars. The fat and protein content depended on cultivars. The highest protein concentration and at the same time the lowest fat content were found in the Boiko cultivar seeds. The similar protein content was found in the seeds of the remaining cultivars. The highest fat concentration was in the seeds of the Mar cultivar.
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Działanie glinu na rośliny

63%
Celem badań było określenie wpływu nawożenia mineralnego N, P, K i wapnowania na zawartość glinu wymiennego w glebie. Badania prowadzono w oparciu o trwałe doświadczenia polowe w Skierniewicach, założone w 1923 r. Próby gleby do badań pobrano jesienią 1998 roku, z trzech poziomów genetycznych: Ap (0-25 cm), Eet (25-45 cm) oraz Bt (45-70 cm) trzech powtórzeń pól: A1 (Obiekty: O, CaNPK, NPK, PK, PN, KN, N, na których stosowano azot w formie NH4NO3), AF (Obiekty: O, CaNPK, NPK, PK, PN, KN, N, na których stosowano azot w formie (NH4)2SO4). W pobranych próbach glebowych zmierzono zawartość glinu wymiennego metodą Sokołowa. Nawożenie azotem zwiększało, a nawożenie fosforem zmniejszało zawartość glinu wymiennego w glebie. Nawożenie potasem nie wpływało na zawartość glinu wymiennego w glebie. Siarczan amonowy wywierał silniejszy wpływ na zawartość glinu wymiennego niż saletra amonowa. Stosowanie siarczanu amonowego powodowało znaczny wzrost zawartości glinu wymiennego nawet do głębokości 70 cm, zaś stosowanie saletry amonowej tylko do głębokości 45 cm. Wapnowanie gleby praktycznie eliminowało zmiany zawartości glinu wymiennego spowodowane nawożeniem fosforem, azotem i potasem.
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