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The objective of this research was to develop an efficacious and cost-effective weed control program using a mixture of herbicides at low rates plus effective oil adjuvants applied sequentially. Single herbicide treatments applied at recommended timing and rates were commercial formulations of mesotrione at 150 g/ha, foramsulfuron + iodosulfuron at 45 + 1.5 g/ha + methylated seed oil (MSO) adjuvant at 1.5 l/ha, and dicamba at 240 g/ha. The standard herbicides in each experiment also were applied as reduced-rate mixtures, sequentially at 14- to 18-day intervals. Rates for herbicides in mixtures were reduced two- to four times and applied with a MSO adjuvant in combination with or without liquid urea-ammonium nitrate fertilizer (28% N). Broadleaf and grass weed control with standard herbicide treatments was low and varied from 26 to 83%. Herbicide mixtures at reduced rates (mesotrione + foramsulfuron + iodosulfuron + dicamba at 25 + 7.5 + 0.25 + 120 g/ha, respectively) with MSO adjuvant split-applied at 14- to 18-day intervals greatly increased weed control without phytotoxicity on maize and provided two to four times higher increase of maize grain yield and net return as compared to the standard herbicides applied once.
The study was carried out at the Research and Education Center Gorzyń with a branch in Brody (52°25’ N; 16°18’ E) in 2008-2009, in order to work out the effective way of weed control and protecting plantations against new weed emergences. Research combinations involved the herbicide Boreal 58 WG (flufenacet 48% + isoxaflutole 10%), Accent 75 WG (nicosulfuron 75%) and Mocarz 75 WG (tritosulfuron 25% + dicamba 50%) applied once at the dates and doses recommended by producers, 0.75 kg·ha-1, 80 g·ha-1 and 200 g·ha-1, respectively, and in mixtures applied at two dates (at the stage of weed seedlings), in strongly reduced doses with an addition of the surfactant Trend 90 EC, Atpolan BIO 80 EC and ammonium nitrate. In divided treatments the single dose per hectare of herbicides Boreal 58 WG, Accent 75 WG and Mocarz 75 WG was 0.25 kg·ha-1, 20 g·ha-1 and 50 g·ha-1, respectively. A dose of the adjuvant Atpolan BIO 80 EC was 1.5 dm3·ha-1, Trend 90 EC was applied at a concentration of 0.1%, and ammonium nitrate in a dose of 2 kg·ha-1. Carrying out one treatment often did not protect a maize plantation against secondary weed infestation. Applying mixtures of herbicides in reduced doses consisting Boreal 58 WG + Accent 75 WG + Mocarz 75 WG and an adjuvant based on methyl esters of acids or a non-ionic surfactant, with or without an addition of ammonium nitrate, in the system of divided doses, in two treatments, in comparison to a single treatment ensured a very high herbicidal efficiency and a full protection against secondary weed infestation. Lack of competition of weeds towards the crop created more favorable conditions for maize growth and development and favored a higher increase in grain yields. In spite of increased costs of protection against weeds, making the treatment two times ensured a higher profitability of maize grain production.
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