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Differences in the responses of stem diameter and pod thickness to drought stress during the grain filling stage in soybean plants

100%

Ohashi Y., Nakayama N., Saneoka H., Mohapatra P. K., Fujita K.

Acta Physiologiae Plantarum

2009

tom 31

nr 2

This study investigated the factor of the physiological characteristics causing the reduction of yield of soybean plants (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) by drought stress, by monitoring changes in stem diameter and pod thickness, and photosynthetic activity, partitioning of ¹³C-labeled photosynthate. Drought stress reduced the whole plant dry weight due to the decrease in leaf and pod dry matter accumulation; however, this stress did not have a significant effect on stem growth. Leaf photosynthesis was also severely decreased by drought stress in the early stage of stress treatment as leaf water potential decreased. Imposition of stress decreased pod thickness, but stem diameter increased. The adverse effect of drought stress on pod thickness was more evident at night than during the day. The stem diameter also shrank during the day and expanded at night, but the nocturnal increase in stem diameter during drought stress treatment was greater for stressed plants compared with well-watered controls. Drought stress significantly promoted ¹³C partitioning from the fed leaf to other parts of the plant; the stem was the largest beneficiary. Soluble carbohydrates accumulated in various plant parts under the influence of the stress, but starch concentration declined in all organs except the stem. These results indicated that stem growth was promoted by drought stress compared to pod growth at the early grain-filling stage.

Antral ulcers induced by alendronate, a nitrogen-containing bisphosphonate, in rat stomachs - prophylactic effect of rebamipide

100%

Ohashi Y., Aihara E., Takasuka H., Takahashi K., Takeuchi K.

Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology

2009

tom 60

nr 3

85-93

We demonstrated the development of antral ulcers induced in rats by alendronate and investigated the pathogenic factors involved in this model. Animals fasted for 18 h were given alendronate p.o., and then re-fed normally and killed on various days up to 7 days later. Alendronate caused non-hemorrhagic damage in both the corpus and antrum of fasted rats, but after refeeding for 3 days the lesions in the corpus healed completely, while those in the antrum developed into large ulcers with increased vascular permeability. The development of antral ulcers was accompanied by an increase in MPO activity and lipid peroxidation as well as a decrease in SOD activity and GSH content in the mucosa. Histologically, the damage did not penetrate the muscularis mucosa, yet severe edema and neutrophil infiltration were observed in the submucosa. Neither omeprazole nor indomethacin had any effect, while allopurinol and SOD reduced the severity of these ulcers. Rebamipide dose-dependently suppressed the ulcerogenic response to alendronate, with a concomitant reversal of the increased vascular permeability, MPO activity and lipid peroxidation as well as the reduced SOD activity and GSH content. These results suggest that alendronate did not cause gross damage in the stomach of fasted rats, yet produced large ulcers in the antrum with severe edema after refeeding. The pathogenesis of these ulcers may be explained by impairment of the mucosal anti-oxidative system and does not involve acid/peptic digestion and deficiency of prostaglandins. Rebamipide prevents the antral ulcers, probably due to its anti-oxidative as well as anti-inflammatory actions.

Ograniczanie wyników

1 Acta Physiologiae Plantarum

1 Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology

2 Ohashi Y.

1 Aihara E.

1 Fujita K.

1 Mohapatra P. K.

1 Nakayama N.

1 Saneoka H.

1 Takahashi K.

1 Takasuka H.

1 Takeuchi K.

2 2009

Wyniki wyszukiwania

Differences in the responses of stem diameter and pod thickness to drought stress during the grain filling stage in soybean plants

Antral ulcers induced by alendronate, a nitrogen-containing bisphosphonate, in rat stomachs - prophylactic effect of rebamipide